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After 12 Years, CBI Seeks The Govt's Permission To Reopen The Bofors Probe

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New Delhi, Oct 20 (PTI) — The CBI has written to the government for reconsideration of its 2005 decision and allow the agency to file a Special Leave Petition (SLP) in the Supreme Court in the Bofors case challenging the quashing of an FIR in the alleged scam, officials said.

In a letter to the Department of Personnel and Training, the CBI conveyed that it wanted to file the SLP challenging the Delhi High Court order of 31 May 2005 quashing all charges against Europe-based Hinduja brothers in the Bofors case.

Government officials said the CBI was in favour of filing the SLP in 2005 but the then UPA government did not give its nod.

Legal experts feel that the agency will have to do a lot of explanation for condoning the lapsed time period of over 12 years.

The then Delhi High Court judge RS Sodhi had on 31 May 2005, quashed all charges against the Hinduja brothers — Srichand, Gopichand and Prakashchand — and the Bofors company and castigated the CBI for its handling of the case saying it had cost the exchequer about Rs 250 crore.

Before the 2005 verdict, another judge of the Delhi High Court, Justice JD Kapoor (since retired), on 4 February 2004, had exonerated the late prime minister, Rajiv Gandhi, in the case and directed framing of charge of forgery under Section 465 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) against the Bofors company.

On Wednesday, the CBI had said it would look into the "facts and circumstances" of the Bofors scam mentioned by private detective Michael Hershmam, who alleged that the then Rajiv Gandhi-led Congress government had sabotaged his investigation.

Hershman, who is the president of the US-based private detective firm Fairfax, claimed in television interviews recently that Rajiv Gandhi was "furious" when he had found a Swiss bank account "Mont Blanc".

Hershman, who was here last week to address a conference of private detectives, also alleged that the bribe money of the Bofors gun scandal had been parked in the Swiss account.

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The Rajasthan Govt's Ordinance To Protect Public Servants Is A Blow To Journalistic Freedom

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Chief Minister of Rajasthan, Vasundhara Raje.

The Rajasthan government has come out with an ordinance which purportedly tries to protect public servants, including judges and magistrates, from prosecution from actions taken in the discharge of their duties as public servants. The media has been widely reporting this as an attempt to protect corrupt activities, but this discourse is leading people away from the actual mischief sought to be done.

Public servants, including judges, are protected from prosecution for actions in discharge of their duties by Section 197 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) which lays down that a prior sanction to prosecute shall be taken from the competent authority of the Central or state government, as the case may be. Judges are provided additional protection under the Judges Protection Act from civil or criminal action for actions or words spoken during discharge of their duties.

When in comes to charges of corruption, even the Prevention of Corruption Act provides for a mechanism of prior sanction for prosecution of public servants under the Act.

This makes one wonder about the necessity of the ordinance promulgated by the Rajasthan government. This is where one notices the mischief.

The ordinance doesn't merely protect public servants and judges, it declares an embargo on the free press from reporting about the accusations or probe till the time prior sanction to prosecute is not granted.

The ordinance doesn't merely protect public servants and judges, it declares an embargo on the free press from reporting about the accusations or probe till the time prior sanction to prosecute is not granted. As it provides a time period of 180 days for a decision to be taken for such sanctions, there's effectively a six month gag on the media.

This strikes at the very root of journalistic freedom to report fairly and accurately, a freedom guaranteed by the Constitution as a fundamental right. Such a right to report fairly has been upheld by a catena of decisions of various constitutional courts.

The ordinance goes another step ahead and attempts to amend the Indian Penal Code (IPC) to make disclosure of identity of certain people against whom sanction is sought to be a cognizable but bailable offence punishable by imprisonment up to two years.

Such criminalisation of disclosure again hits at the very roots of journalistic freedoms and shall have a chilling effect on free speech.

This is still an ordinance, and as it attempts to amend Central laws it would require presidential assent. However, the threat to free speech is a clear and present danger.

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Exercises You Can Do Even If You Lack Fitness Skills

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Unrecognizable young runner tying her shoelaces. Studio shot on wooden floor background.

You don’t need to attempt to be a marathon runner or a gym regular to reap the benefits of a good sweat session.

In fact, some of the best workouts require relatively low fitness expertise, according to research published in 2015 by I-Min Lee, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. These routines can still increase muscle mass, lead to more weight loss and protect your heart and brain.

Lee, whose research and related exercises were highlighted on Harvard Health this week, and a few other experts told us about some of the best workouts you can do for your body that don’t require much finesse. Take a look at the exercises below, along with some tips on how to incorporate them into your fitness routine:

Walking

Simple? Yes. Effective? Absolutely. Research continually shows that brisk walking is one of the best ways to keep your body and your mind healthy. Multiple studies have found that walking can reduce blood pressure, help with weight management and lower the risk of illness. A study published in 2014 also found that taking walks in nature can help reduce symptoms of depression.

“It comes close to the perfect movement,” said Michelle Segar, author of the book No Sweat: How The Simple Science of Motivation Can Bring You A Lifetime of Fitness and director of the Sport, Health and Activity Research and Policy (SHARP) Center at the University of Michigan. “It can serve you in an infinite number of ways, such as a way to renew yourself, be social, have fun with your kids, generate insights, clear your brain and on and on.”

Try this: The Harvard report recommends starting out with 10- to 15-minute strolls and building up to more challenging, longer walks. Lee said you can easily incorporate this into your everyday life in small ways.

“For example, if you drive to work, consider parking farther away and walk the rest of the distance,” she said.

Swimming

Dive on in, the water’s fine (and great exercise). Swimming is one of the greatest workouts because it works multiple muscle groups, but is a low-impact exercise.

Swimming can be great for older adults and people with pain conditions like arthritis because it doesn’t put strain on the joints in the body, according to Lee. Additionally, research shows it can protect the brain from age-related decline. It also gets your heart rate high enough to be considered a cardio workout.

Try this: Get your bearings with 30 to 45 minutes of freestyle swimming in a lap pool. That’s enough time to make it an aerobic activity, according to the Harvard report. You can also try this swimming workout for beginners if you’re looking for something more concrete.

Weight training

Make no mistake: Strength work is just as important as cardio. And it’s one of the best types of workouts you can practice, according to the Harvard report.

Weight-based workouts go beyond toning your muscles. Research shows strength training can help boost your balance and burn more calories. It also gives you the same benefits as exercise, like a sharper mind and a healthier heart.

Try this: Start by learning basic moves like bicep curls and tripod rows and doing several repetitions with dumbbells. (This guide is a good one to use.) No weights? No problem. There are ways to use heavier household items for your workout, like this total-body routine using a pumpkin. Seriously!

Tai Chi

Anyone can do this gentle workout, which is a martial art that combines slow movements focused on agility and meditative practices. According to Lee, it may also be especially helpful for aging adults.

“Tai chi is good because it incorporates balance elements, [which are] useful for older folks,” she said.

The exercise can offer some aerobic benefits as well as improve flexibility and muscle strength.

Try this: YouTube and iTunes are great resources for beginners’ videos. You may also be able to take an intro class at your local health center, community center or YMCA, according to Harvard Health.

High Intensity

You don’t need to do a hardcore workout to reap the benefits of doing a higher-intensity exercise. Even a little resistance can go a long way, according to Nicholas Beltz, director of the Exercise Physiology Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire.

“High intensity is a very relative term, so anyone can accomplish even the shortest duration of high intensity,” he said. “For example, we often associate high intensity with drastic speed increases on a treadmill or lining up in a sprinters block for an all-out effort. Truthfully, this is not the appropriate application for most individuals.”

Try this: “High intensity can be effectively applied by increasing the walking speed from casual to brisk while adding a dose of incline particularly with individuals of low fitness levels,” Beltz explained. 

Perhaps something to try during your next walking meeting?

Row Machine

This gym machine requires very little fitness skill but packs a huge punch when it comes to burning calories, said Tony Nuñez, an assistant professor of exercise science at Metropolitan State University of Denver.

“Individuals who utilize this piece of equipment are really building a powerful movement ... many older adults could use more power to decrease the difficulty of activities of daily living,” he explained. “Being a very low impact exercise, the row would be a seamless addition to any walking, jogging or running program, while still providing an adequate stress to the cardiopulmonary system.”

Try this: All you need is 20 minutes to get a good sweat on a rowing machine. Check out this step-by-step workout from Shape.

You can see benefits from any of these workout options. But ultimately, it’s critical to choose an exercise you enjoy so you stick to it, Lee said.

“Exercise is essential for health ― it is one thing you can do that will benefit many aspects of ... well-being and function,” she said. “Some activity is better than none, and more is better than a little.”

Also on HuffPost
10 Of The Best Yoga Poses For Sleep

Woman Tracks Down Missing Cat After Uploading Its Photo To Tinder

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A woman has been reunited with her missing moggy thanks to the power of Tinder

Katie Alsop, from Northampton, said she received 400 matches after posting photos of her lost cat on the dating app. 

“I bought a premium membership, put on a ‘boost’ to get more attention and uploaded a missing poster with a reward and my number, plus a photo of me and the cat for sympathy,” the 26-year-old told HuffPost UK.

After setting her search distance to 10km away, she received a call within 30 minutes from a stranger called Charlie who had found her cat in his garden. 

Katie Alsop and her cat Peanut

The genius idea came about after Katie’s ginger and white puss, called Peanut, went missing overnight on 11 October.

The next day, Katie was worried sick because she believed her cat might have been murdered by the M25 animal killer (previously known as the Croydon cat killer). It played on her mind so much that she had to take a day off work.

Instead of printing out posters of her missing moggy, Katie decided to download Tinder and pay for a premium membership. She then went about uploading a photo of herself and Peanut to the app, with information about her beloved cat including reward details.

Within minutes she was inundated with matches and her beloved cat was eventually located in a nearby estate. 

“Charlie said he saw my Tinder profile, looked out of his window, and the cat was in his garden! I was so happy he hadn’t been taken by the killer,” she added.

But the story doesn’t end there. Peanut escaped from the garden and Katie teamed up with Charlie to track him down.

“Charlie was literally scaling 8ft fences and jumping into wasteland, it was like an action film,” Katie recalled. 

“Peanut got scared and headed towards a really busy road so we decided to stop looking for him.”

In a move that would’ve made Hansel and Gretel proud, Katie then made trails of used cat litter around the neighbourhood and back towards her home in the hope her cat would return. When that didn’t work, she added clothes from her laundry basket and warm tuna to the trail.

Much to her delight, the unusual method worked and in the early hours of the morning she heard Peanut meowing in the street.

The 26-year-old has since praised Tinder for helping her track down her cat’s whereabouts. She said: “I would never have known where to search for Peanut without using Tinder, and really don’t think he would have found his way home on his own.

“He’s never going out again.”

South Norwood Animal Rescue Liberty (SNARL) charity are working with police to catch the M25 animal killer. If you have any tips or information, please contact them on 07961 030064 or call the police.

The First Cat In Space May Finally Get The Recognition She Deserves

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Everyone knows the names of famous astronauts like Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and some may even remember Laika, the first dog in space.

However, the first cat in space has been largely forgotten by history.

This pioneering pussycat was named ”Félicette,” and she was shot into space 54 years ago this week from a base in the Sahara desert by the Centre National d’études Spatiales (CNES), the French version of NASA.

Félicette was picked out of a group of about a dozen cats because she had the best reaction to a series of tests that included a spin in a centrifuge, according to EuroNews.

Her 12-minute flight took her 97 miles above Earth and included five minutes of weightlessness.

Although this “Astrocat” made history, Félicette was euthanized a few months later so scientists could study the effects of space travel on her body. 

No cat has been in space since and Félicette has become a UFO — an underappreciated feline orbiter.

Even worse, in some of the few tributes she received, she’s been misidentified as a male named Felix, according to LeDauphine.com

Now a British advertising executive is hoping to restore Félicette to the pantheon of great space explorers by erecting a statue in her honor in Paris, France.

Matthew Serge Guy, a creative director for Anomaly London, has started a Kickstarter campaign to raise $52,439 for the statue.

Around 6 months ago whilst at work, I came across a tea towel in the staff kitchen commemorating the 50th anniversary of the cat who went to space,” Guy said in a release. “There was no name for the cat on the towel, nor did it resemble Félicette.

“After Googling it, I became fascinated with Félicette’s story, how it had been forgotten over the years, and (like the design of the tea towel) misattributed. It felt like something big should be done to right these wrongs.”

The campaign video is below and seems to have catapulted Félicette back into the public eye. After one day, Guy is nearly 20 percent towards his goal with a month to go.

Guy emphasizes to recognize that Félicette and other animals involved in the early days of space exploration suffered and had no choice in the matter.

“It’s also important to note that Félicette, alongside many other animals that have braved space travel in the name of science, was ultimately an unwilling participant in this experiment,” he wrote. “For this mission alone she, alongside 13 other cats, experienced arduous training prior to the mission and eventually gave her life.”

Also on HuffPost
Vintage Photos Of Apollo Astronauts Training

Natasha Badhwar's 'My Daughters' Mum' Is A Cathartic Read

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"I write for you and me and for a gentler, more just world." Catharsis is a word I avoid using in any context. Even when friends, well-wishers and experts offer it an explanation for what they see happening with me. Or suggest it as a necessary step to deal with an issue. It is not because I don't like the word or don't believe in the process. Just the opposite, in fact. I treat catharsis as a sacred precious gift; the word carries so much value for me that I don't want it made trite in the world of easy sound bytes and trending catch phrases.

So it is with a lot of thought that I call Natasha Badhwar's debut book a cathartic read. My Daughters' Mum is an extraordinary book in its candour. The author writes with such self-reflexive vulnerability that you forget you are reading another person's writing. You feel your heart spill out on the page. Through tears and smiles, and a heaving and sinking heart the book embraces the reader, cleansing many heartaches and allowing one to celebrate unspoken joys. You recognise memories you had dumped away, you reclaim parts you had been too ashamed to include in your narrative of self. You examine what you have known; you let yourself be drawn into speculating on the unknown.

No motherhoods preached, no rules that are claimed as fail proof. Just a brave and honest sharing of personal experiences, insights and revelations.

The theme of coming home to a place in this world, and a place inside yourself is the big story of this marvellously loving collection of deeply personal essays. The theme holds together carefully curated sections from Natasha's long running Mint Lounge column. As a regular reader, it makes me happy that the stories of the column, with their message of love, hope, inclusion and the vision of a different, kinder world now have another home with an even wider accessibility. The editor and writer have skilfully structured the collection in a way that feels like a seamless narration of an ongoing conversation.

Part memoir, part essay, part record of our times, there is nothing the book does not touch. Birth family, mothers and daughter, parents, nation, others, love, work, interfaith marriage, friends, grief, death, births, self-love, identity, nationality, changing times, family, in-laws, maids, working from home, road trips, childhood, college, siblings, it is all there, in Natasha's warm and smart prose.

Part memoir, part essay, part record of our times, there is nothing the book does not touch.

No motherhoods preached, no rules that are claimed as fail proof. Just brave and honest sharing of personal experiences, insights and revelations. Sample this, on parenting: "I had never really felt so lonely. Clearly, I had spread myself too thin; the urban myth of the supermom had trapped me. I looked good, but I felt terrible. All at once, parenting proved to be a test of loyalty. Was I willing to be loyal to myself? I didn't have much practice in this area. It had always been much easier to be loyal to friends, trends and gadgets. I had to come to terms with a few grand truths. For one, I would be able to raise our kids well only if I first raised myself well...I had also to learn to pamper the child in me – love her, appreciate her, make her happy."

In the chapter titled 'A Technology Chowkidar At Home', Natasha takes head on the issue many young and not so young parents mention all too often as an obstacle to stay away from negative media. "Despite my intense love for gadgets... I am the self-appointed watchman who moderates access to technology in family spaces... We barely listen to each other. We are often way behind in keeping track of each other's creative milestones... we all need some time to share our experiences with each other So we do things that may seem odd to other families. ...I do not want us to be a family of Western-consumerist-culture-addicted-Anglophones. We do not want to find ourselves scavenging for comfort amid the clutter of shallow, raucous media content with limited shelf life. I want variety in our lives. Slowness. Pauses. Daydreaming and imaginary friends. I don't want to prepare our children for the 'real world'. I want us and them to have the confidence that we can create the world we want to live in. We don't have to fit into pre-fabricated moulds. We are free to discover and relate to our inner and outer worlds at our own pace. We can pick and chose. This is real life."

Natasha's writing is always crisp, the chapters short and sentences light.

Natasha's writing is always crisp, the chapters short and sentences light. Such nimble handling of weighty and gut wrenchingly loaded topics is a feat this slim book achieves with élan. I have a feeling that the author's experience as a TV newsperson and filmmaker, and then coach has definitely helped her create this light as air feel for this warm as pashmina coziness of a book.

If like me, you are a dreamer who wants to persist on this path despite an often broken heart and habitually weary feet, go get yourself this dose of solidarity and encouragement. Keep the tissues on hand, and start reading. You will go on a journey of your life, I promise you. In Natasha's words reflecting on the wreckage of a riot she watched as a young girl: "our heart breaks and somehow we keep working. Lives are wrecked and people get back to building homes again. We lose hope and then we find a way to believe once more. We often despair that we are too cynical but we are all constantly creating, restoring, healing, trying to reassemble broken pieces." I like to believe she speaks for a lot of us.

The opinions expressed in this post are the personal views of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of HuffPost India. Any omissions or errors are the author's and HuffPost India does not assume any liability or responsibility for them.

320,000 Children In Rohingya Refugee Camps Threatened By Water-Borne Diseases

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Rohingya refugees who crossed the border from Myanmar this week sit outside a school used as a shelter at Kotupalang refugee camp near Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh October 20, 2017. REUTERS/ Zohra Bensemra

Nearly 590,00 Rohingya refugees have been admitted to camps in Bangladesh and 320,00 refugee children among them are threatened by water-borne diseases and desperate living conditions, a United Nations spokesman said Friday.

The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported that 589,000 Rohingyas have fled Myanmar's northern Rakhine State since alleged retaliation following a deadly rebel militia attack on 25 August against police posts, said Farhan Haq, the UN spokesman.

Just over half of the new arrivals in Bangladesh are staying in Kutupalong Expansion, he said. It was described as a single large site where aid partners are working with authorities to improve road access, infrastructure and basic services.

The UN refugee agency (UNHCR) said nearly 7,000 of the refugees had been admitted to Bangladesh after spending up to four days stranded near the border. "Thousands more are believed to be on their way from Myanmar."

The most vulnerable among the new arrivals are taken by bus from the border to a transit centre, where the UNHCR and its partners provide food, water, medical checks and temporary shelter, Haq said.

The UN Children's Agency (UNICEF) said that desperate living conditions and water-borne diseases are threatening more than 320,000 Rohingya refugee children, he said.

A new report by the agency said most of the refugees are living in overcrowded and unsanitary makeshift settlements.

Despite an expanding international aid effort led by the government of Bangladesh, the report said that the essential needs of many children are not being met, the spokesman said. "UNICEF is also calling for an end to the atrocities targeting civilians in Rakhine State, as well as for humanitarian actors to be given immediate and unfettered access."

A pledging conference for donors next Monday in Geneva was announced earlier this week. Officials said they hope to raise $434 million to aid Rohingya refugees and their hosts, some 11.2 million people in all. So far it is only 26% funded.

Also on HuffPost

Tamil Nadu BJP Is Furious With Superstar Vijay For Slamming GST In His New Release 'Mersal'

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The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Tamil Nadu is flustered by scenes in a movie criticising several policies introduced by its government at the Centre led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

All hell broke loose over the release of Mersal, a drama featuring popular actor Vijay, for Diwali. Already a major hit with the masses, the movie deals with corruption in the medical profession, among other themes of social justice.

On Wednesday, BJP's Tamil Nadu president Tamilisai Soundararajan demanded several scenes from the film to be excised because they criticised Prime Minister Narendra Modi and a number of policies implemented by his administration.

One of the offending bits is in this snippet from Mersal, with English subtitles, posted by a Twitter user.

Raja also said he was "trying to confirm" whether the producer Hema Rukmani of Thenandal Studios Ltd "may also be a Christian".


Trump Voters Believe Sex Allegations Against Weinstein, But Not Against Trump

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Most Americans, regardless of political leaning, believe the sexual harassment and assault accusations against film producer Harvey Weinstein, according to a HuffPost/YouGov poll. But there’s a conspicuous partisan split when it comes to similar allegations that have been made against President Donald Trump.

Sixty-two percent of Americans polled consider the accusations against Weinstein credible, with just 3 percent saying they’re not credible and the rest uncertain. The vast majority of both Clinton voters (74 percent) and Trump voters (66 percent) think that Weinstein’s accusers are credible, with just 3 percent in either group saying that they’re not.

But it’s a different story with sexual harassment and assault allegations made last year against Trump. While 83 percent of Clinton voters find the allegations credible, just 8 percent of Trump voters feel the same. A 51 percent majority of Trump voters say outright that they don’t think the accusations against the president are credible, with the remainder uncertain. 

Trump voters are also far more likely to say that workplace sexual harassment is a very serious problem in Hollywood than they are to see it as an equally serious issue nationwide.

Read more on the results of the HuffPost/YouGov poll here.

The HuffPost/YouGov poll consisted of 1,000 completed interviews conducted Oct. 12 and Oct. 13 among U.S. adults, using a sample selected from YouGov’s opt-in online panel to match the demographics and other characteristics of the adult U.S. population.

HuffPost has teamed up with YouGov to conduct daily opinion polls. You can learn more about this project and take part in YouGov’s nationally representative opinion polling. More details on the polls’ methodology are available here.

Most surveys report a margin of error that represents some, but not all, potential survey errors. YouGov’s reports include a model-based margin of error, which rests on a specific set of statistical assumptions about the selected sample rather than the standard methodology for random probability sampling. If these assumptions are wrong, the model-based margin of error may also be inaccurate. Click here for a more detailed explanation of the model-based margin of error. 

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'Don't Try To Demon-etise Tamil Pride': Rahul Gandhi To PM Modi On 'Mersal' Controversy

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New Delhi — Congress Vice President Rahul Gandhi on Saturday took a dig at Prime Minister Narendra Modi over the BJP's demand for removal of dialogues critical of the GST in Tamil movie Mersal, asking him not to "demon-etise Tamil pride" by such interference.

"Mr. Modi, Cinema is a deep expression of Tamil culture and language. Don't try to demon-etise Tamil pride by interfering in Mersal," Gandhi said in a tweet.

Gandhi's counter-attack came after Tamil actor Vijay's Diwali release Mersal came under attack from BJP leaders in Tamil Nadu, one of whom also sought to give a communal twist by raking up the actor's religion.

The actor has been panned for his dialogues in the film that takes a dig at GST and Digital India. Vijay, who had met Narendra Modi during electioneering ahead of the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, had even lauded demonetisation last year.

BJP's National Secretary H Raja in a tweet on Friday raked up the actor's Christian origins.

"Joseph Vijay's hatred for Modi is 'Mersal'."

Referring to the actor's dialogue in the movie, Raja tweeted that in the last 20 years, 17,500 churches, 9,700 mosques and 370 temples were built. Out of these what should be avoided to build hospitals, Raja posted.

Raja even said Mersal shows Vijay's ignorance in economic matters as the Goods and Services Tax (GST) is not a new tax and the tax on liquor is over 58%.

Tamil Nadu BJP President Tamilisai Soundararajan demanded removal of the dialogues relating to GST, digital payments and temples from the movie as they spread a wrong message.

Earlier on Saturday, senior Congress leader P Chidambaram also attacked the BJP over its demand for removal of dialogues critical of GST in Mersal.

"Notice to film makers: Law is coming, you can only make documentaries praising government's policies," Chidambaram tweeted.

Also on HuffPost

We Talk About Fonts All Wrong. Here's A Better Way.

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The average person today has access to seemingly unlimited fonts ― and with such great power comes great responsibility. One can use Curlz MT on a resume or Brush Script for a party invitation, but should one? Though trained designers might have a clear idea of the best fonts for each task, most of us laymen are reduced to guesswork, instinct and the guidance of edicts like “never use Comic Sans.”

But this prohibitive attitude toward font freedom doesn’t necessarily serve us well. At least that’s the argument of Douglas Thomas, the author of Never Use Futura ― a celebratory new history of the iconic font, which does not actually condemn all uses of Futura.

“I decided to use the title in part as a provocation, and as an ironic commentary on how most of the conversation around fonts people have is housed in a negative,” Thomas told HuffPost in a phone interview. “People know not to use Comic Sans and maybe Papyrus ― those are things you just shouldn’t do. But very rarely do people understand why they should use a typeface.”

The full title of his book, Thomas pointed out, is actually Never Use Futura Unless You Are ... followed by a long list of famous people, brands and organizations that do use the typeface. (A few of the notable Futura users, listed on the front and back of his book, include: Nike, Fox News, Ikea, Vanity Fair, Politico, Forever 21 and In-N-Out.)

“I’m hoping to poke a little fun at that sort of conversation ― designers can say, ‘oh, the masses shouldn’t use Futura, but we can, in these ways,’” he added.

People know not to use Comic Sans and maybe Papyrus ― those are things you just shouldn’t do. But very rarely do people understand why they should use a typeface. Douglas Thomas

This hypocritical anti-Futura rhetoric suggests that maybe the problem isn’t bad font choice ― it’s that designers just want to keep the good fonts to themselves. Does this sound paranoid? OK, maybe so. But there’s a grain of truth there, too. And understandably so: Overuse of a font isn’t just annoying, it can make the font less useful to designers.

We naturally associate fonts with the ideas and brands we’ve seen them presenting or adjacent to in the past.  “Futura started out as this avant-garde idea,” Thomas pointed out. “It was linked with some of the newest, most cutting-edge ideas in Europe.”

Created in the 1920s by German Bauhaus designer Paul Renner, Futura was meant to capture the modernism of the time. It was closely linked with progressive political and cultural ideals ― equality, democratization, globalism and even socialism. “When Vanity Fair first used it in 1929, people were appalled,” Thomas told HuffPost. “There were editorials written calling this a Bolshevik revolution.” Not only did the magazine use all lower-case for article heads at first ― a clear attack on hierarchies and an endorsement of anarchy, in the eyes of more conservative onlookers ― the font itself was freighted with political meaning.

Then, well, everyone started to use it, and that changed the font’s impact. When we see Futura now, we probably think about Wes Anderson films or Kate Spade or Vogue ― the fact is, as Thomas recently wrote for Fast.Co, it’s a font that’s been linked to a lot of concepts, political movements, media outlets and corporations. Merely by the fact of the font’s widespread use, it’s necessarily been sapped of its power to convey strong ideas.

“In graduate schools and high-end design firms, there’s this constant search for new typefaces that aren’t being used that can be filled with new ideas and aren’t linked to past moments and movements,” Thomas said. Sometimes brands or publications achieve that by designing their own exclusive typeface, like the New Yorker’s Irvin.

That doesn’t mean Futura is no longer a good font, or that it’s never appropriate to use. Most of us don’t go to design school, but that doesn’t mean we can’t learn more about how to use fonts. We just have to pay attention to what different typefaces convey and what effect they’ll have. For example, said Thomas, when people use Comic Sans in a professional setting, they usually convey the wrong tone.

“It just seems both completely inappropriate and maybe showing a lack of judgment, the same way we’d judge someone if they stepped out of their house naked. Maybe we’re all fine with people choosing how we want to dress, but there are,” he added, “times and places for things.” Comic Sans isn’t inherently bad, though. “If it’s being used in a communication to a preschool group or in a comic book, for crying out loud,” he said, “it would be perfectly appropriate.”

See, every font has its purpose. Probably. (We still haven’t decided about Papyrus.) “Every typeface has its own voice, speaks in its own language,” Thomas concluded. “Once you understand what that language is, you can use it in exceptionally insightful and beautiful ways.”

We just have to take the judgment away from the process, stop talking about what fonts can’t do, and start embracing what they can do.

Also on HuffPost
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Caught On Camera: Man Thrashes 16-Year-Old Girl In Mumbai, As People Look On

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Representational image.

Mumbai, Oct 21 (PTI) — A 16-year-old girl was left with a fractured nose after a man allegedly repeatedly hit her for asking him and his friends not to indulge in loud arguments at Kurla-Nehrunagar here, police said today.

A video purportedly showing the man, identified as Imran Shahid Shaikh, attacking the girl, has gone viral in the social and mainstream media. The incident, which took place on Tuesday, was captured in a CCTV camera.

The accused was arrested on the day of the incident, but was later grated bail by a local court, police said.

According to a police official, the incident took place on 17 October near SRA Building in Shramjeevi Nagar, Chembur at 7 pm, when the victim was going to her class with a friend at Adarsh Nagar in Thakkar Bappa Colony in Chembur.

"When she was near her building, a group of youths, who were seated inside a parked autorickshaw, were arguing loudly. The victim asked them not to make noise and then walked some distance with her friend," the official said.

However, enraged at being reprimanded by her, Shaikh, whom she knew, came out of the rickshaw and thrashed her repeatedly.

"Shaikh hit her on the nose with a metal object, after which she collapsed on the ground, with her nose bleeding profusely," he said.

After the incident, Shaikh also threatened her and fled from the spot, the official said.

"The people, who witnessed the incident, did not stop Imran from beating her," the official said.

The victim was taken to a hospital, where she was found to have suffered a nose fracture, he said.

Based on the complaint by the victim Nehrunagar Police registered an offence against Shaikh under sections 324, 326 (voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means) and 506 (criminal intimidation) of the IPC.

He was arrested on the same day. He was produced in a court, which granted bail to him, investigating officer Deepak Pawra said.

Further investigation is underway.

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Marriage Therapists Answer Your Most Pressing Yahoo Answers Conundrums

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If you want to hear about the issues real people face in their marriages, look no further than Yahoo! Answers.

On the site’s “family and relationships” section, people get surprisingly candid about their marital problems, all in the hopes that strangers on the Internet will offer up some straight-shooting advice. (Note that Yahoo! is part of Oath, which also owns HuffPost.)

We asked marriage therapists to weigh in on some of the most pressing marriage quandaries currently on the site. See what they had to say below.

Should I be suspicious that my fiancé doesn’t want to add me on his Instagram & Facebook accounts?

We have been together two years and just got engaged. He does have photos of us all over his social media and people know we are together, but he doesn’t want me to be his friend on Facebook or Instagram. I feel like he’s hiding something. Am I overreacting? I don’t know if I want to enter a marriage where I feel like someone is being dishonest and hiding things.

Ryan Kelly, a psychologist in Charlotte, North Carolina, said the woman’s suspicion is understandable, since her fiancé’s decision to ignore her friend request is “very unusual.” He continued: 

“Here’s the real question: Is your fiancé creating a boundary of privacy or a wall of secrecy? Privacy in a relationship is a good thing, a necessary thing, that can help maintain one’s independence and self-awareness in a committed relationship. Secrecy, on the other hand, compromises intimacy and I believe that’s what you’re worried about: Does he fear that access to his profile will yield judgment or reprisal? He’s acting secretly, but it may not be what you think. Keep in mind, healthy relationships rely on a balance of privacy and intimacy, mediated by trust and communication. I would avoid acting on that assumption, as these situations are largely contextual. You should express your concerns to him ― that you feel like his privacy or secrecy is interfering with your intimacy ― and give some thought as to why you distrust him.” 

I have a crush on my husband’s friend.

I am married (four years) and I have a crush on my husband’s friend. He is lovely, has charisma [and] his body is amazing. He’s a personal trainer and he asked me a couple of times to come to his gym. My husband accepted this idea and encouraged me to join alone. I admit that I like his friend more. He gives me special care at the gym, set an objective, measured my body and sometimes, he’s touched my body, including my butt. Should I let my husband know or not? Should I continue with the friend?

If this woman values her husband and marriage, Kelly said she should think long and hard about continuing to hang out with her gym bud. He added:

“I strongly suggest you refrain from entertaining these feelings or fantasies related to your husband’s friend. If not, the likelihood of you acting upon them increases exponentially. Crushes are largely a product of only one aspect of love ― passion (your sex drive) ― which is largely a neurochemical response. These feelings makes us manic but they’re usually brief. Consider the intimacy and commitment that you and your husband have developed over the years ― the more necessary parts of a love than passion ― and disregard any advances your husband’s friend may or may not be making. You can’t control the other man’s behaviors, but you can control your own.” 

Should my in-laws help out?

My husband and I got married five years ago and moved into my parents for three years because we didn’t have very good jobs. My parents bought groceries because we couldn’t afford a lot. His parents bought us nothing. We have better jobs now and are on our own but they never offer to help us ever. They help his brother and sister constantly. I feel like, because we got married, they think, ‘Hey, we’re off the hook now, he’s yours.’ We recently had major car problems. We called them seven times because we were in their town. We found out they were home and just ignored our calls. My parents had to drive 35 minutes to help us tow our car. Again, they help his brother and sister out constantly.

David McFadden, a marriage and family therapist in Hanover Park, Illinois, noted that parents get to choose whether they want to help their grown children out financially, regardless of their marital status. To avoid issues later on, parents should let their kids know ahead of time if they’ll be willing to help out in the future.

“Some parents have been burned and nearly gone bankrupt due to the continuing needs and demands of their adult children. The goal for most families is that children become adults and are independent. Communication on what an adult child can expect is key to maintaining a good relationship.” 

My wife of 27 years cheated on me for the THIRD time. Is it time to file for divorce?

The first time, we were married 18 years. The second, 21 years. Now again, six years later. She is not going to change at this point. Thankfully our children are adults and moved out but seriously I loved this woman.

Marissa Nelson, a marriage and family therapist in Washington, D.C., suggested that after 27 years, wants and needs in a marriage evolve:

“Affairs are an expression of longing and loss, a wish to recapture loss parts of ourselves, and to feel vibrant and alive. Every affair will redefine a relationship. If both people are committed to doing the hard work, staying in the marriage is actually a heartfelt act of love, devotion, commitment and growth. Even if couples walk away from one another, they’ll still need to process all of this. Doing so will only benefit them moving forward and make them better people and better partners. In this situation, where affairs have occurred several times, a lot of unpacking needs to be done. If they’re staying together, the couple needs to address the needs that each person has, and talk about how this disconnect has pulled them farther away from each other.” 

Attention wives: Do you ever get the “I wished I lived alone sometimes” blues?

I have been married for a few years now and I am the best at compromise. But I really miss having my own bathroom back when I was single. If I were cleaning up a splat or some hair from the sink, I knew it was MY OWN hair, so it made it easier, I guess. I love my hubby so much and adore the manly things he does on a daily but ladies, do you share my frustration? Do you miss having your own bathroom? And by the way, not everyone has the luxury of two bathrooms ― some of us are on the struggling end of the stick.

Nelson said she’s seen this scenario play out often with her married clients, especially women. She continued:

“These women report that they fantasize and relish some period of time where they don’t have be responsible for anyone else. It makes sense that many women wish they lived alone and had some space, given everything that comes with the multifaceted roles of mom/wife/career woman. What I hear when this question comes up is the need for a sense of control and self-care. When you live and share your life with other people, there is a part of you that may feel like you’re losing control over your time your energy, your space. And when you are not taking good care of yourself, these things can build and cause great stress and annoyance. This is a good time to do the things that feed your soul and find ways, big and small, to give back to yourself.”

How do you deal with a spouse who never invites you to things?

My husband is always doing things without me and never invites me. He will invite his kids (from his previous marriage) to do activities with him or his mom or friends but he never includes me. He does kickboxing classes, karate classes, art class, yoga and goes to political rallies but never invites me. How do you handle this? If I mention it, he calls me selfish and says I should be happy for him, his kids and mom and not always think about myself.

McFadden noted that it was strange for the husband in this situation to leave his wife out of fun life events and activities. He said:

″A major part of marriage is developing good companionship and friendship and sharing fun and enjoyable moments in life. There may be more to the story here regarding why the husband is not inviting the wife to join. I’d tell him it seems selfish to not include your spouse.” 

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Blake Lively Reveals Why She And Ryan Reynolds Are Such A Good Match

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You’d be hard-pressed to find a Hollywood couple that seems more compatible and grounded than Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds

What’s their secret? On Monday, the actress stopped by “Good Morning America” to promote her new movie “All I See Is You” and revealed that being in the same business has played a huge part in keeping their five-year marriage strong. 

“In general, it’s nice to have someone who understands what you’re doing. Especially because our job is so weird – you have to be married to other people, it’s all so strange,” she said. “It’s never normal, even when you’re both doing it.”

Plus, she said, Reynolds is familiar with what really goes down during a sex scene, so there’s no awkwardness when either of them has to film one.

“It’s helpful to know that like, oh, when you’re acting like you’re in a relationship with someone [else], that’s not what’s actually happening,” the actress told the hosts. “Because I have friends who are married to people who aren’t in the business, and they’re like, ‘Oh, so you’re not actually making love in that scene?!’ And I’m like, “No, no, no, no, definitely not, no. So yeah, those elements are helpful.”

Ryan, Blake and their two daughters last year when the actor was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

It also probably helps that the pair share a sense of humor. For her 30th birthday in August, Reynolds paid tribute to his wife and the mother of his two little girls in a very Reynolds-ian way. 

“Happy Birthday to my amazing wife,” he wrote on Instagram ― which is incredibly sweet until you realize he cropped out Lively’s face:

And here’s how he marked the occasion on Twitter a year before: 

That’s not all Reynolds posts on Twitter. He’s proven himself to be quite the joker, usually at the expense of his family: 

Lively ― who’s cracked some jokes at Reynolds expense, too ― told the “GMA” hosts that she misses out on most of her hubby’s wisecracks.

“Luckily I lost my password to Twitter about a year and a half ago, so I haven’t been able to keep up,” she said. “Everybody’s always asking about it, but I never know. He’s so funny.”

Perfect for each other, we tell ya.  

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So Michael Fassbender And Alicia Vikander Got Secret-Married

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Actors Michael Fassbender and Alicia Vikander tied the knot in a secret ceremony over the weekend in Ibiza, People confirms. 

Friends and family of the famously private couple gathered at the La Granja farmstead resort on the Spanish island for a destination wedding. Representatives for the actors did not immediately respond to HuffPost’s request for comment. 

Vikander, 29, and Fassbender, 40, were spotted on Sunday smiling at a beachside brunch and sporting bands on their ring fingers, according to the Daily Mail.

The actors rarely address their relationship in public, preferring to discuss their various film projects instead, but they did bless us with the story of their fairy tale meet-cute back in 2016. 

“It was sort of there from the beginning, really,” Fassbender said of their on- and off-screen chemistry.

“We had met at Toronto Film Festival ... just on the dance floor,” the “Tomb Raider” actress added. To which Fassbender quipped, “I thought [I was a good dancer] until she started dancing and then I felt like I had two left feet.”

 Alicia Vikander and Michael Fassbender arrive for the premiere of  Michael Fassbender and Alicia Vikander at the 73rd Venice Film Festival.

The pair have been linked together since as early as 2014, when a romance blossomed on the set of their World War I drama, “The Light Between Oceans.” Vikander and Fassbender spent a month living together on a remote New Zealand island to fully immerse themselves in the story of a husband and wife who rescue an orphaned child. 

“I think we’ve made a clear statement that we keep certain things just between us,” Vikander told Entertainment Weekly during the movie’s press tour. “It was very easy to unite, but that’s quite personal.”

“I’m not going to talk about my private life with a total stranger, unless I feel like I need to,” Fassbender added. “Why would I? I don’t.”

Message received, but congrats anyway.

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Celebrity Photos 2017

The Morning Wrap: Taj Mahal And 'Indian Culture'; BJP Is The Richest National Party

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The Morning Wrap is HuffPost India's selection of interesting news and opinion from the day's newspapers. Subscribe here to receive it in your inbox each weekday morning.

Essential HuffPost

BJP MLA Sangeet Som stirred yet another pot of controversy by declaring that the Taj Mahal was built by the "traitors" and that it is a "blot" on Indian culture. While ridiculous and best avoided, his comments have an ominous ring to them, writes Sandip Roy.

In Gorakhpur, in Uttar Pradesh, dying of Japanese encephalitis is as bad as surviving it. Betwa Sharma visits the survivors of the disease who have been left mentally disabled, physically crippled and at the mercy of a state machinery that simply doesn't care.

Kabir Khan, who has made mainstream entertainers with political themes, feels that it's time cultural institutions like the film industry came together to register dissent. Speaking to Ankur Pathak on the sidelines of the Mumbai Movie Festival, he expressed concern over the frayed social fabric of India.

Main News

According to a survey conducted by Pew Research, 85% of Indians trust the current government and 27% are in favour of a "strong leader". About 63% support a government with an elite team of technical experts and 53% believe military rule is good for the country.

The Election Commission's decision not to announce simultaneous assembly polls in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh was an "avoidable controversy", former Chief Election Commissioner TS Krishnamurthy told The Indian Express.

West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee lashed out against BJP leader Sangeet Som's comments on the Taj Mahal, saying it was "a manifestation of the BJP's political agenda" and said the day was not far when the party will try to change the country's name as well.

Off The Front Page

The ruling BJP is the richest among India's seven national parties, having declared assets worth nearly Rs 894 crore in 2015-16, said a report released by the Association of Democratic Reforms (ADR) on Monday.

North Korea's deputy UN ambassador has warned that the situation on the Korean peninsula "has reached the touch-and-go point and a nuclear war may break out any moment".

Returning home after several years in jail, Rajesh and Nupur Talwar said they wanted to clear the name of Arushi Talwar, their daughter, from the slander that was heaped on her after she was found murdered.

Opinion

In The Indian Express, social scientist Kancha Ilaiah Shepherd calls out the silence of India's left liberals when it comes to caste, especially since he was threatened for writing a book against the bania capitalist community.

As Saudi Arabia implements its strategy of women's empowerment, Saudi women will no doubt continue with their magnificent achievements, and further their leading role in the advancement of the country, Saud Mohammad Al-Sati writes in the Hindustan Times.

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh wants the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party-led government to rejig India's Constitution. Faizan Mustafa outlines in The Hindu why such an idea is dangerous and should be avoided at all costs.

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In A First, Scientists Spot Light Amid Gravitational Waves Emitted By Colliding Stars

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Scientists for the first time have detected both gravitational waves and light from the collision of two dead, incredibly dense neutron stars.

Monday’s announcement by American and European scientists, marked with news conferences and the publication of dozens of research papers, represents another huge leap forward in our understanding of the universe.

The neutron star collision also formed a number of other heavy elements like gold, platinum and lead, confirming decades of speculation regarding their origin.

While detectors in Louisiana, Washington and Italy registered the gravitational waves on Aug. 17, the collision itself happened about 130 million years ago. Researchers recorded a large burst of gamma rays from the same source, two seconds after the gravitational waves.

Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in 1916, but it wasn’t until 2016 that scientists were actually able to detect them and confirm their existence.

An artist's rendering of two merging neutron stars depicts gravitational waves rippling outward, while gamma rays burst out seconds later.

“Imagine that gravitational waves are like thunder,” astronomer Philip Cowperthwaite, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said in a statement. “We’ve heard this thunder before, but this is the first time we’ve also been able to see the lightning.”

Unlike the 2016 detection of gravitational waves, which originated from the collision of black holes and was relatively brief, these new waves resulted from neutron stars. While black holes are so dense that light itself can’t escape, neutron stars are not, thus explaining the surprising amount of energy in the August event.

Though not quite as dense as a black hole, neutron stars are still astoundingly dense: A teaspoon-full of neutron star has a mass of around 10 billion tons.

“Previously detected black-hole mergers lasted for a second, maybe two seconds,” Mansi Kasliwal of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena told Space.com. “This latest event lasted nearly a whole minute.”

“Its energy was enough to outshine the 100 billion stars in our galaxy by about a billion-fold for the 50 or so seconds it took place,” said Kasliwal, who participated in the research.

A massive number of scientists collaborated on the research. According a CNN report, just one of the papers published on Monday had a list of thousands of coauthors, representing approximately 35 percent of the global astronomy community.

Kumail Nanjiani's 'SNL' Monologue Somehow Hilariously Skewers Islamophobia

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Islamophobia is no joke, so it was amazing that actor and comedian Kumail Nanjiani was able to wring some laughs from it during his “Saturday Night Live” monologue.

Nanjiani, a Pakistani Muslim, started by pointing to some viewers’ racist reactions to his recent movie, “The Big Sick,” which tells the story of how Nanjiani fell for his wife, writer Emily Gordon. After making fun of people who told him to “go back to India” (Nanjiani says he’s never been there), he noted that Islamophobia “is really having a moment right now.”

“Islamophobia is like ‘Will And Grace,’” he continued. “It was huge a while back, and then we thought it was gone and done. But now it’s back and bigger than ever.”

He also took the opportunity to emphasize that Muslims and Sikhs are not the same ― ultimately arguing that it shouldn’t be necessary to make a distinction in the first place.

“Sikhs get attacked all the time for being Muslim,” he said. “Spoiler alert: They’re not. But they’re brown and they were turbans, so people attack them for being Muslim.”

“[It] must put them in such an awkward position, cuz they’re like, ’I’m not Muslim, not that you should attack Muslims. If you’re looking to attack Muslims ― which you shouldn’t ― I’m not one,” he said. “There is a Muslim right over there ― don’t attack him, unless someone’s definitely getting attacked, in which case, get it right, which is wrong.”

You can watch Nanjiani’s complete monologue at the top of this story. 

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Kids Dressed As "Saturday Night Live" Characters

53% Indians Want Military Rule In Their Country, Reveals Pew Survey

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Representative image.

More than four-fifths of Indian citizens trust the government, but, interestingly, the majority also support military rule and autocracy, a new survey by the Pew Research Center, Pew survey said on Monday.

"In India, where the economy has grown on average by 6.9% since 2012, 85% (of people) trust their national government," Pew Research said in a report based on its survey on governance and trust among key countries.

According to the survey, 55% of Indians support autocracy in one way or the other. In fact, more than one-fourth (27%) want a "strong leader".

Nearly half of the Russians (48%) back governance by a strong leader, but the prospect is generally unpopular, the report said.

A global median of 26% say a system in which a strong leader can make decisions without "interference from parliament or the courts" would be a "good way of governing". Roughly seven in 10 (71%) say it would be a bad type of governance.

India is one of the three countries in the Asia Pacific where people support technocracy (a government comprising an elite of technical experts). "Asian-Pacific publics generally back rule by experts, particularly people in Vietnam (67%), India (65%) and the Philippines (62%)," it said. Only Australians are notably wary, as 57% say it would be a bad way to govern.

According to the survey, roughly half of both Indians (53%) and South Africans (52%) say military rule would be a good thing for their countries. But in these societies, older people (those aged 50 and above) are least supportive of the idea, and they are the ones who either experienced the struggle to establish democratic rule or are the immediate descendants of those democratic pioneers, Pew said.

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Daphne Caruana Galizia: Anti-Corruption Journalist Killed By Huge Bomb In Malta

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Malta’s best-known investigative journalist, who led the Panama Papers probe into corruption in the country, has been killed after a powerful bomb blew up her car.

Daphne Caruana Galizia, 53, ran a hugely popular blog in which she relentlessly highlighted cases of alleged high-level corruption targeting politicians from across party lines. The Politico website recently described her as a “one-woman WikiLeaks”.

“There are crooks everywhere you look now. The situation is desperate,” she wrote in a blog published on her site just half an hour before an explosion tore into her car.

Locals said Caruana Galizia had just left her house and was on a road near the village of Bidnija in northern Malta when the bomb detonated, sending her car flying into an adjacent field.

Daphne Caruana Galizia outside the Libyan Embassy in Valletta.

Maltese Prime Minister Joseph Muscat, who faced accusations of wrong-doing by Caruana Galizia earlier this year, denounced her killing, calling it a “barbaric attack on press freedom”.

He announced that the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) had agreed to help local police investigate the killing and was flying experts to the island as soon as possible.

“I will not rest until I see justice done in this case,” he said in a statement, calling for national unity.

Around 3,000 people held a silent, candle-lit vigil on Tuesday evening in Sliema, just outside Valletta.

The hashtag ‘Je Suis Daphne’ circulated widely among social media users on the island of 400,000 people, the European Union’s smallest state.

“Everyone knows Caruana Galizia was a harsh critic of mine, both politically and personally, but nobody can justify this barbaric act in any way,” Muscat said. “The only remedy for anyone who felt slandered was through the courts.”

A woman places a candle on the Love monument during a silent candlelight vigil for Daphne Caruana Galizia.

Muscat sued Caruana Galizia after she wrote blogs earlier this year saying his wife was the beneficial owner of a company in Panama, and that large sums of money had been moved between the company and bank accounts in Azerbaijan.

Both Muscat and his wife denied the accusations.

Looking for a vote of confidence to counter the allegations, Muscat called snap elections in June which he easily won. Recently, Caruana Galizia’s outspoken blog had turned its fire on opposition politicians.

Malta Television reported that Caruana Galizia had filed a complaint to the police two weeks ago to say she had received threats. It gave no further information.

Forensic experts walk in a field after a powerful bomb blew up a car and killed investigative journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia in Bidnija, Malta.

Opposition leader Adrian Delia said the blogger was the victim of a “political murder”.

“Caruana Galizia revealed the Panama Papers and was the government’s strongest critic,” he said, calling for a independent probe of her killing.

“We will not accept an investigation by the Commissioner of Police, the Army commander or the duty magistrate, all of whom were at the heart of criticism by Caruana Galizia,” he said.

WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange said he would offer a 20,000 euro ($23,578.00) reward for information leading to the conviction of Caruana Galizia’s killers, and European politicians expressed dismay at her death. 

Frans Timmermans, first vice president of the European Commission, tweeted that he was “shocked and outraged”, adding that “if journalists are silenced our freedom is lost”.

Manfred Weber, head of the conservative bloc in the European Parliament, said the killing marked “a dark day for democracy”.

Caruana Galizia took aim at politicians and senior officials from across Malta, seeing the island as a hotbed of corruption.

“Malta’s public life is afflicted with dangerously unstable men with no principles or scruples,” she wrote last year.

Her family asked that the magistrate assigned to investigate the case, Consuelo Scerri Herrera, be substituted because of an alleged conflict of interest, court documents showed. Herrera had sought libel damages after Caruana Galizia attacked her in her blog.

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