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Queer Asians Reveal How They'd Come Out To Immigrant Parents In A Perfect World

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Six LGBTQ Asian Americans share what they’d say to their parents in a world without language and cultural barriers in this poignant short film. 

Released on National Coming Out Day (Oct. 11), “Unspoken: Asian Americans On Coming Out To Immigrant Parents” aims to remind families that “they don’t have to choose between loving their children and being faithful to their culture or to their religion,” filmmaker Patrick G. Lee told HuffPost. 

The nearly seven-minute film’s subjects don’t hold back in the clip, reading heartfelt letters they’ve written to their families. Their experiences are incredibly diverse. “I know I promised you that I would be straight, but I’m sorry to say that I cannot be,” one man, identified only as Kevin, says in the clip. “And God knows I tried after all of that.” Later, a trans individual named Sen explains, “I hope you can understand that I chose to stay alive as a fem, but I do not choose the hardships that come with it.” 

Lee, who is of Korean descent said the film is for “all of us who remember growing up and feeling weird or different from everyone else.” The idea for the project came about after the Chicago native came out to his own family as queer this summer, but realized the cultural divide between him and his immigrant parents prevented him from opening up as much as he wanted to.  

Hence, the documentarian is hopeful that LGBTQ Asian Americans will see themselves as “resilient” and “valued” after watching his film. He’s also at work on a 25-minute version of the film that will expand on the theme and be screened at Asian American community events across the country. 

“Our hope is to show immigrant parents of LGBTQ kids that they don’t have to choose between loving their children and being faithful to their culture or to their religion,” he told HuffPost. “We want to show our families that unconditional love is possible.”

Catch the latest in LGBTQ news by subscribing to the Queer Voices newsletter 

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GST Needs 'Complete Overhauling', 'Some Rejig' Just Won’t Help

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Social media was abuzz on Sunday evening with a statement that Hasmukh Adhia, the revenue secretary, had given made in an interview to the Press Trust of India (PTI) regarding the Goods and Services Tax (GST). As he said, "There is a complete overhauling that is required... it is possible that some items in the same chapter are divided."

The website of The Hindu still has this report. You can also read it on Scroll.in.

This statement was later changed to, "There is need for some rejig in rates... it is possible that some items in the same chapter are divided." The interview on the PTI website, currently has this statement and not the earlier one.

The phrase "complete overhauling" [of GST] has been replaced by "some rejig" in [GST] rates, by the PTI. Of course, a complete overhauling is majorly different from some rejig, but this is the closest that someone senior in the Modi government has publicly admitted that the implementation of the GST has been a disaster.

There are questions that need to be asked, even though the chances of getting any answers from the Modi government, remain nil.

Lack Of Preparation

Why was the government in such a hurry to launch the GST, when it was clearly not ready for it. This lack of preparation was already visible even before GST became the order of the day.

As Navin Kumar, the chairman of the GST network, in an interview published on June 27, 2017, told Business Standard: "It should be a stable system. Problems that surfaced during the first phase of the testing have been resolved. We did the testing on the basis of the rules that came in December. After that, some changes were made to the rules. Those changes we have absorbed now, so there is no time to do beta testing for that."

Here is the chairman of the network on which the GST is implemented saying that they haven't had the time to test it properly. What more evidence is needed for the system not being completely ready?

Obviously, the government was in a hurry to launch the GST without adequate preparation. In the process, it ended up creating the mess that currently prevails.

Bharat Goenka, the managing director of Tally Solutions, one of the companies that has made a software for customers to help them file the GST returns, made a similar

In an interview with the Business Standard published on June 23, 2017, he was asked: "Is the problem essentially with the cramped timeline? Is July 1 too optimistic?" He answered: "It is indeed very cramped. While it is easy to add a new feature to software with respect to its functioning, developing robust software takes time. Whenever you make a change, you need to harden the software and that takes time. If you do not give it time, you end up with fragile software and get potentially surprising results. It is a high-risk environment. So, it is not sensible to try and do such mega rollouts without robust backing."

Obviously, the government was in a hurry to launch the GST without adequate preparation. In the process, it ended up creating the mess that currently prevails. And given that concerns were raised by people who were part of the process of the launch, this is clearly not benefit of hindsight.

Lack Of Clarity

Nearly four months after the launch, a lot of confusion prevails on many fronts. Even the chartered accountants lack clarity on issues. This tells us again that there wasn't enough communication from the government on this front. In countries where GST (or value added tax as it is more popularly called) has been successfully implemented, an adequate amount of time is spent in training those who will be a part of the system implementing the GST (both inside and outside the government). This, has clearly not happened in India.

Indian traders are digitally challenged, and it will take time for them to catch up to GST. Meanwhile, the economy will have to suffer because of this.

Too Many GST Rates

In fact, much before the GST was launched, analysts had pointed out that there were way too many GST rates, and that made the entire system fairly complicated, for those who need to follow the system.

The examples are now out. A newreport in The Times of India quotes a supermarket chain owner as saying: "Tax on snacks like aloo bhujia, potato chips, samosa, kachori is 12%. Now the tax rate for cashews is 5%, but I can't figure out if masala cashew is a snack or a standalone item."

Similar issues have cropped up when it comes to sweets. Milk sweets come under the 5% bracket, but the moment a silver foil is put on it, tax shoots up to 18%. As Congress leader Veerapa Moily put it: "For example, is Kitkat a chocolate or a biscuit? Is coconut oil considered as hair oil or cooking oil?"

A ministry of finance press release towards the end of September 2017 pointed out: "The total number of tax payers who were required to file monthly returns for August 2017 is 68.20 lakhs, of which, as on 25th September, 2017, 37.63 lakh GSTR 3B returns have been filed." Around 55% of those who needed to file GST returns, actually filed it.

Given the way in which the system has been designed, this isn't surprising at all. What this has also brought out is the fact that Indian traders are digitally challenged, and it will take time for them to catch up to GST. Meanwhile, the economy will have to suffer because of this.

Certain Taxes Don't Make Sense

The multiplicity of tax rates has led to a situation where the tax rates on different products make very little sense. While the GST on condoms is 0%, that on sanitary napkins is 12%. One explanation provided for this is that only branded sanitary napkins invite a GST. But why even make this distinction? Does the GST apply only on branded condoms? Or more importantly, is there anything like an unbranded condom? These issues will simply not arise if there were fewer rates of tax.

Another explanation provided is that the mandate of the GST Council which decided on the GST rates, was fitment of taxes i.e. the GST rate on a product must be close to the existing taxes on it.

A poster is pictured on closed garment shops during a protest against implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on textiles in Kolkata.

This is a rather silly observation given the status of the GST Council. If the idea was mere fitment any junior level bureaucrat could have done it. The fact that GST Council comprised of the finance ministers of all states and the finance minister of the central government, means that such anomalies could have been easily corrected.

Also, the Modi government has tried to implement a convoluted and a complicated GST, which has "privatised compliance". This has hit the small and medium enterprises(SMEs) the hardest.

There are several such inconsistencies, for the lack of a better word. The GST on environmentally friendly hybrid cars as well as fossil fuel guzzling SUVs is the same at 43% (28% GST and 15% surcharge). Before GST became the order of the day, the total taxes on SUVs added to around 50%. In case of hybrids the tax before GST was around 29%. This has led to the companies increasing the prices of the hybrid models of their cars.

And there is more. The GST rates on diamonds and gold are at 0.25% and 3% respectively. But the GST on something as useful as matchboxes (handmade ones) is 5%. Why is this the case? Is it because those who run diamond and gold firms have deeper pockets funding political parties, than those running firms making matchboxes?

High Price For Services

The rate of tax for most services has gone up from 12.36% in 2014 and 15% till June 30, 2017, to 18% under GST. Of course, a part of this jump was supposed to be neutralised because of the input tax credit available under GST. But anecdotal evidence clearly suggests that the price of services has gone up because of GST. The government needs to study this and if this is true, it needs to cut the rate of tax on services to 15%.

Suffering SMEs

Also, the Modi government has tried to implement a convoluted and a complicated GST, which has "privatised compliance". This has hit the small and medium enterprises(SMEs) the hardest. This also shows that we haven't really learnt the lessons from our past.

One reason for India's big black economy has been the high income tax rates over the years. In the early 1970s, the highest marginal rate of tax was as high as 97%. Of course, at such a high rate most people who should have been paying income tax, did not. Not surprising, why would anyone give away Rs 97 out of every Rs 100 that he earned over a certain level, to the government.

Given that one million Indian youth are entering the workforce every month, the country needs SMEs to create jobs more than it ever did before.

The point being that tax compliance is always better at lower rates. At 28% and higher, the peak Indian GST rate is among the highest in the world. Hopefully, as the number of tax rates under GST gets slashed in the years to come, the higher rates will go.

To conclude, GST has hit the small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which were already reeling under the negative impacts of demonetisation very hard. This is something that needs to be corrected very quickly, simply because it is the SMEs that create jobs in any growing economy. As finance minister Arun Jaitley recently told ET Now: "Bulk of the jobs in India are created by SMEs, by the micro industries, by self employment. Gone are the days where only the government sector created jobs in the government or the organised sector created jobs."

Given that one million Indian youth are entering the workforce every month, the country needs SMEs to create jobs more than it ever did before. Given this, the GST needs complete overhauling, in order make it simple and uncomplicated. A simple rejig won't do. Hope Mr Adhia and his boss in the finance ministry are listening.

SC Wants Freedom Of Choice In Playing National Anthem In Cinema Halls

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NEW DELHI -- The Supreme Court on Monday asked the Centre to consider amending the national flag code for regulating the playing of national anthem in cinema halls across the country.

A bench, comprising Chief Justice Dipak Misra and Justices A M Khanwilkar and D Y Chandrachud, said the Centre has to take a call uninfluenced by its earlier order on the playing of national anthem in the theatres.

During the hearing, Attorney General K K Venugopal, appearing for the Centre, said India was a diverse country and the national anthem needs to be played in the cinema halls to bring in uniformity.

The bench indicated that it may modify its order of December 1, 2016, by which the playing of the anthem was made mandatory for cinema halls before the screening of a movie, and it may replace the word "shall" with "may".

The apex court had last year ordered the theatres across the country to mandatorily play the national anthem before a movie and the audience must stand and show respect, in a bid to "instil committed patriotism and nationalism".

It had said that "love and respect for the motherland is reflected when one shows respect to the national anthem as well as to the national flag".

The court had barred printing of the anthem or a part of it on any object and displaying it in such a manner at places which may be "disgraceful to its status and tantamount to disrespect".

The court's directions had come on a PIL filed by one Shyam Narayan Chouksey seeking directions that the national anthem should be played in all the cinema halls before a film begins.

Matt Damon Admits He Knew Harvey Weinstein Sexually Harassed Gwyneth Paltrow

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Matt Damon revealed during a wide-ranging “Good Morning America” interview that he learned that Harvey Weinstein had sexually harassed Gwyneth Paltrow from her boyfriend at the time, Ben Affleck.

The actor weighed in on the mounting allegations of sexual assault and harassment against the disgraced Hollywood producer on the morning show Monday alongside George Clooney. 

Damon, who distanced himself from Weinstein earlier this month, said he had heard about the disturbing encounter around the time he and Paltrow were filming 1999′s “The Talented Mr. Ripley.”

“I knew the story about Gwyneth [Paltrow] from Ben [Affleck], because he was with her after Brad [Pitt], so I knew that story,” Damon said. “But I was working with Gwyneth with Harvey on ‘Ripley.’ I never talked to Gwyneth about it. Ben told me.”

“I knew that they had come to whatever agreement or understanding that they had come to,” the actor continued. “She had handled it and she was the first lady of Miramax. He treated her incredibly respectfully. Always.” 

Paltrow is one of dozens of actresses who’ve come forward in recent weeks with stories of sexual misconduct involving Weinstein. The actress and entrepreneur accused him of making advances when she was 22 years old and set to star in the film “Emma,” allegedly “placing his hands on her” and suggesting she give him a massage in a private hotel room. 

“He didn’t do it out in the open,” Damon told “GMA.” “If there was ever an event where there was something I was at with Harvey in public and he was doing this thing and I missed it, and there’s some woman who was somehow assaulted and was at the Golden Globes or something and I somehow missed it, then I’m sorry.”

Damon and Affleck have both come under fire for their close ties to Weinstein in the fallout of the scandal. Reports claimed that the “Bourne Ultimatum” actor killed an incriminating story about Weinstein back in 2004, while actress Rose McGowan, who accused the producer of rape, maintains that Affleck had prior knowledge about his behavior.

Damon has denied defending Weinstein in any capacity, while Affleck has yet to address the claims after apologizing for his own harassment scandal involving actress Hilarie Burton. 

Gwyneth Paltrow, Jude Law and Matt Damon in 

Apart from Paltrow’s experience, Damon said he never heard about Weinstein’s “darkness,” as the producer allegedly preyed on women in private. However, he concedes that he was more than aware of Weinstein’s infamous reputation. 

 “You had to spend about five minutes with him to know that he was a bully and he was intimidating. That was his legend. That whole kind of M.O,” Damon said. “When people say ‘everybody knew,’ yeah, I knew. I knew he was an a**hole. He was proud of that. That’s how he carried himself. I knew he was a womanizer. I wouldn’t want to be married to the guy, but it’s not my business really, but this level of criminal sexual predation was not something I ever thought was going on.”

Damon broke his silence on Weinstein’s alleged behavior earlier this month, condemning the producer’s actions and expressing his support for the alleged victims. 

“This would have been a difficult past couple of days even if my name hadn’t been dragged into it. I am not the story here,” he said. “The story is these women and what happened to them. So if I’m experiencing this discomfort, it hardly bears mention. There are some real victims here and they are being incredibly brave. Hopefully, them going through this experience right now will help them heal. They are who we all should be thinking about.”

 Watch clips from the interview below. 

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#METOO: The Story Is Long, The Memories Hard, The Lessons Tough

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I was not straight out of college; I already had a few years as a professional behind me. I had had the opportunity of meeting a lot of people in various professional settings and saw how their true selves reflected through even in a sanitised professional world. So when I found myself at the receiving end of a subtle but dogged sexual harassment, I didn't write it off as a figment of my imagination, I knew exactly what it was.

I was required to make a two-week long trip to the headquarter offices in the United States, as was custom for most senior positions in my company. After a few discussions on the dates, I asked the sole woman working in the administration departments to make bookings for the two-week slot.

Just an hour later, I saw another senior management colleague (let's call him Mark) walk a few seats past me to go to the admin and ask her what dates I was booked for. He asked for his trip to also be scheduled for the same dates. It wasn't unusual for people of different departments to have synced their HQ trips, to attend common meetings together, so even though this did strike me as a little odd, I didn't make much of it. Mark was about a decade older than me, married and had kids. We were in different departments, and our professional interactions were limited to a few meetings and related discussions per week. Mark and I were the only two India office visitors to the HQ that fortnight.

He coolly said, "ah, I thought you'd want to come up?!" I was shocked and could just manage blurting out a meek 'no'.

The US office was in a historical suburban town. It was a serene and a beautiful suburb, with a national park, several biking trails and nature walks around, but also utterly lifeless. The next big city was 30 miles away. The first two days of the trip were uneventful and simply boring. The office would be drained of people by 5:30 pm sharp, and the shops in the downtown area shut at 6:00 pm. I had previously only travelled to the big cities in the USA, so I had no idea how dull and isolated the suburbs would be. Unlike the red carpet welcome that would be given to HQ visitors in India, with a fleet of cars at their disposal, a chockablock evening calendar with people taking turns to take them out for dinner, drinks, shopping, touristy trips, there was no such arrangement at the US offices. All 'catch-ups' would happen during office hours.

Unwilling to go solo, I asked Mark if he wanted to make a quick evening trip to the big city nearby (30 miles away) and we could head back immediately post dinner. I wanted to walk around downtown, the city centre, and soak in as much history as the long summer hours would allow. I insisted on quick dinner because the thought of entering an already dead town at a dead hour gave me the heebie-jeebies. We cabbed it back to the hotel at a decent hour, maybe around 9 pm, and while heading up, he got the lift button but didn't press for my floor. I immediately reached and pushed the number, which was a few floors before his. He coolly said, "ah, I thought you'd want to come up?!" I was shocked and could just manage blurting out a meek 'no'.

He had had enough time to browse through my recent chats and was looking up my emails, flight and cab booking details of the weekend.

The next morning we ran into each other at the tiny buffet area for breakfast. We piled up our plates and awkwardly decided to eat at the same table. He asked about my weekend plans--I'd made bookings to fly down to visit a friend on the East Coast-- and unasked went on to tell me his plans, "I am going to go to this beach city nearby, it's supposed to be quite an experience, I hear". I refused to ask him what exactly was he trying to convey by that 'experience' bit. After breakfast, I walked to the reception and asked them when I could deposit my luggage for the weekend; they were upgrading my room for the week after. Out of nowhere, Mark suggested, "You know, you could just hand it to me, I could safely keep your luggage for you." I didn't even know he'd been overhearing my conversation with the receptionist, leave alone the fact that he thought it perfectly suitable to offer such a ridiculous and overreaching solution. "No Mark, why would I do that? No thanks, no", I said, and I was visibly pissed.

I waited for him to be out of earshot and went back to the reception and blurted out, "He is not my husband (I don't even know why I said that!). He and I are not together, we are from the same office, but that's that. So when I deposit my luggage with the front desk, I will do so with the trust that you will not allow anyone else access to it. Please make a note of this, and let your team know." They probably weren't going to do that anyway, but I just wanted to be sure. I was creeped out. The weekend came and went, and Monday morning we were at the buffet area again. I took a table in a quieter corner, and Mark thought it perfectly okay to join me. I was texting my friend about my safe return to the hotel, got up to get a coffee and returned a minute later. I looked down to pick up my phone and finish my text. Despite the identical phone models issued to all of us, it didn't look like my phone! I pressed a random button, and the screensaver wasn't mine. It wasn't my phone. I looked up at Mark, and he was casually browsing through my phone. He'd probably been doing that for the last minute or so. "What are you doing with my phone?", I asked him. "Oops, no wonder I'm so confused, all these names seemed totally unfamiliar. I kept wondering who are these people!", he chortled, trying to sound genuinely mistaken and amused.

Mark was a serious, no-nonsense person with a dry and obscure sense of humour, and he liked being in control of things, always. Definitely not the goofy, absentminded, 'cool' guy he was trying to pass off as, at that moment. "No, you knew it was my phone. You went for it. And it takes a good minute to realise you've picked up someone else's phone? Really?", I asked him, barely managing to keep my voice bereft of anger. I felt utterly violated and disgusted, took my phone back to see what he was looking into. He wasn't in the BBM window, he had had enough time to browse through my recent chats, and was looking up my emails, flight and cab booking details of the weekend. To check if I really spent my weekend with a female friend, or was I gallivanting about? This is a professional colleague I'm talking about, not a jealous partner.

I spent the next five days avoiding him during the evening hours

I took those nature walks and went on a bike trail. I tried sushi at a Japanese restaurant that looked charming, I walked by the downtown on an unusually busy day and saw people swarm the cafes and restaurants. I got a tub of frozen yoghurt, sat on a bench by the sidewalk and I also remember playing lots of Candy Crush on my iPad till I felt like crashing for the day.

The week after, I was back at my home office. I told no one about Mark's intrusive and borderline obsessive behaviour during the trip. I was embarrassed to even to bring it up, and I thought people would brush it off as an inconsequential thing. Most of all I didn't want to be in the news for the 'wrong' reasons and be associated in people's minds as a victim of harassment. Something told me I'd be the poster person of juicy gossip, while life would pretty much remain the same for him.

A few weeks later, as a part of my role, not spurred by the events during my trip, I co-conducted office-wide workshops on Prevention Of Sexual Harassment along with an expert in the field. Mark made several attempts to derail the severe nature of the topic at hand with offhand remarks and questions such as, "this entire subject is very arbitrary. Who will decide if it is harassment or not? Why can't the intentions of the men be believed? Who will defend the men?" To his regressive mind, it was an issue of hapless men vs the world which believes all women are victims. The expert and I tried to explain and answer him matter-of-factly, but he continued to trivialise the discussion.

After the first session, the expert and I did a debrief on the pace of the discussion. She asked me, "Who was that gentleman who kept asking nonsensical questions on purpose time and again? He seemed like he's in a senior role. His behaviour is unacceptable, and it sends a message that the organisation tolerates his views on the matter rather than deal with is sensibly and sensitively, should any situation come up..." It seemed like it was just the validation I was waiting for, and at that moment, I told her who he was, what was his role and position with the company, and about the way he'd behaved with me during the work trip. She didn't waste a second in saying that his behaviour was very inappropriate, unwelcome and totally out of line and that he was abusing his position in the company to exert his demands on the women around. "This is harassment, and I hope you've talked about this with an appropriate person", she added.

Though Mark was in a different department and assignment of my projects, compensation or promotion didn't depend on him at all, my work needed the collaboration and approval of several stakeholders, him being the senior most one of them. So, Mark's retaliation towards me came in the form of stalling those discussions and refusing to collaborate. He shot my ideas and projects down in the garb of them not being thought through. Despite him being the only one who vehemently and persistently opposed anything and everything I had to say, most others didn't notice. "You really need to iron your differences with him to get your work done", was the studied advice I got from my manager (who was also Mark's manager) when I called out the unnecessarily aggressive behaviour for what it was. I told him about how he behaved at the sexual harassment awareness workshops, and what the expert had to say about him. I didn't make any mention of the incidents with me. "It took me five months to hire someone for this role. The team is really coming together only now. He is a very difficult man and he has his quirks, granted, but we have to find a way to work with him", he said when I insisted that such behaviour should not be condoned because the person is so senior, but merits correction for those very reasons.

I was at the end of my rope, but frankly, I never really fought it out

I backed out of the situation and consoled myself by thinking: 'be thankful he and you don't need to work together'. I tried to maintain bare minimum professional contact with him. Because the one time I gave it a half-attempt by talking to the manager, his indifferent response only reiterated that this whole exercise was futile and a waste of everyone's time. Each time the victim, be it a woman or a man, brushes off harassment as "shit happens", we normalise the predator's behaviour. We let them carry on, without any disincentive for their actions. We instil doubts in a victim's mind about violation of themselves as something not worthy enough of being called out. We gaslight them as the crazy ones, the ones who love to make a mountain of molehills and don't know how to just get on with it. It's time we don't let the harassers get away. We need to pause, listen and face these uncomfortable truths because not only do they erode shareholder value by fostering a toxic work environment but because quite simply, it's the right thing to do.

The opinions expressed in this post are the personal views of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of HuffPost India. Any omissions or errors are the author's and HuffPost India does not assume any liability or responsibility for them.

George Clooney Talks About Wife Amal's Experience With Sexual Harassment

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Hollywood continues to reckon with its past in the wake of numerous sexual assault and harassment allegations against film executive Harvey Weinstein, but it’s not the only industry that allows a culture of abuses against women to persist. 

George Clooney sat down with “Entertainment Tonight” to promote his new film “Suburbicon,” starring Matt Damon, and opened up about how his wife Amal has faced sexual harassment throughout her career as a human rights lawyer. 

“She’s faced those exact kinds of situations in law,” he said. “It’s everywhere and so it needs to be addressed as if it’s a problem for all of us. And we have to take it on full force because the kind of assault that we’re talking about now is ... it’s so infuriating that this was allowed to go on as long as it did.” 

In a separate interview with ABC News alongside Damon, who admitted to knowing about Weinstein’s harassment of Gwyneth PaltrowClooney said it was “infuriating” to hear about Weinstein’s sexual predations and how he silenced so many victims. 

“The fact that the story is coming out now and the more it comes out, I want to know all of it,” he said. “I would have done something about that. It makes me very angry to see that. Where did he spend his advertising dollars for the people who didn’t print that story? ... There has to be a comeuppance for all of this. All of the people who are part of that chain. We have to make it safe for people to feel that they can talk about this. And in doing that, I think that’ll scare away that kind of behavior.”

In a previous statement to The Daily Beast, Clooney said that, while he knew Weinstein for decades, he never saw such behavior as detailed by his numerous alleged victims. 

It’s indefensible. That’s the only word you can start with. Harvey’s admitted to it, and it’s indefensible. I’ve known Harvey for 20 years. He gave me my first big break as an actor in films on From Dusk Till Dawn, he gave me my first big break as a director with Confessions of a Dangerous Mind. We’ve had dinners, we’ve been on location together, we’ve had arguments. But I can tell you that I’ve never seen any of this behavior — ever.

Last week, Clooney denied claims that he “helped blacklist” former “ER” actress Vanessa Marquez when she spoke up about harassment on the set of the NBC medical drama, which he starred in from 1994 to 1999 as Dr. Doug Ross. 

Also on HuffPost
Celebrities React To Harvey Weinstein

How A Doll-Loving Heiress Became The Mother Of Forensic Science

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Frances Glessner Lee's

On April 11, 1944, a housewife named Robin Barnes was found dead in her kitchen, her body splayed across the floor in front of a half-open refrigerator. Her husband Fred had returned home from running errands that day to find the doors and windows to the house locked from the inside. Through the window Fred spotted what appeared to be his wife’s body on the ground and called the police. What happened to Robin?

First of all, it should be noted that Robin is a fictional character ― a doll, actually ― conceived of by the late Frances Glessner Lee, the first woman to become a police captain in the United States, according to the Smithsonian, and one of the preeminent criminologists of her time. And we might not ever know what happened to Robin. After all, she’s merely the prop in a wildly detailed diorama Lee created to teach homicide detectives how to evaluate crime scenes.

Lee is known today as the “mother of forensic science.” Her contributions to the field are varied, but she’s often remembered specifically for her interest in making grisly dioramas like the one depicting poor Robin. During her lifetime, Lee crafted 20 painstakingly detailed domestic crime scenes, measuring a foot or two in length and width. They were based on actual crimes, culled from photos, witness statements and other telling ephemera, and they are still used to train officers.

Born in 1878 in Chicago, Lee grew up an heiress to her father’s successful agricultural machinery business. From a young age, she was a sucker for murder mysteries, especially the adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Fictional characters aside, however, Lee kept to herself. In her diary, Lee’s mother recalled her daughter saying, “I have no company but my doll baby and God.

As kids, Lee and her brother were homeschooled, but while he went on to Harvard, she was pressured to marry at the age of 19. Throughout her marriage and eventual motherhood (she had three children), Lee harbored a desire to pursue an unlikely career: forensics. She’d shared this desire with some friends, who remained cynical and dismissive of her very specific ambitions. Following her divorce and the death of her brother, a 52-year-old Lee finally opted to pursue her interest anyway. And she did so unreservedly. 

In 1931, with the family fortune now in her name, Lee used her hefty inheritance to wedge her way into the world of forensics. First, she established the Department of Legal Medicine at Harvard, the first program of its kind in the country. Three years later, she gifted the department a collection of books and manuscripts that would one day become the Magrath Library of Legal Medicine. By 1936, she’d donated another $250,000 ― approximately $4,400,000 today, accounting for inflation ― to the program.

Lee’s financial generosity helped her get a foot in the door of the burgeoning forensics field, but her prodigious knowledge and unorthodox skills ultimately propelled her to become, without any formal training or a college degree, the first female captain of the New Hampshire State Police. (Her title is sometimes listed as “honorary.”) There, Lee also served as the police department’s director of education, leading seminars and training programs for New Hampshire officers. This is around the time she took up dioramas.

Frances Glessner Lee's

Starting in the 1940s, Lee used her diamoras to instruct homicide detectives on what to do and, more importantly, what to look for, upon entering a crime scene. She called them “Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death,” and their purpose was in her words, to “convict the guilty, clear the innocent, and find the truth in a nutshell.” 

“They’re not dollhouses,” Bruce Goldfarb, the executive assistant to Baltimore’s chief medical examiner, told HuffPost in an interview. Goldfarb first encountered Lee’s works in the 1990s when he covered them as a journalist. It’s pure coincidence he now works in the building that’s stored them since 1966, educating police officers on the art of observation. Previously, they were housed at Harvard. 

“The problem was, by the time a medical examiner got to a crime scene,” Goldfarb explained, “the police had already been there. They’d moved around objects, walked through blood, touched the body. They could have compromised the evidence and the investigation.”

Lee’s idea, then, was to educate police officers on the proper way to enter a fresh crime scene ― how to regard every stain, every rumpled sheet, every stray hair as potential evidence. “You can’t take everybody to a real crime scene,” Goldfarb said. “The next best thing is to create little crime scenes.” In a tour of the exhibit on Facebook Live, he described the nutshells as “1940s virtual reality.” 

Frances Glessner Lee,

To this day, officers still interact with Lee’s dioramas during a six-day seminar held each year at the Baltimore Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, titled the Frances Glessner Lee Seminar in Homicide Investigation. The participating detectives are divided into groups, and each one is assigned to a physical nutshell, equipped with an accompanying paragraph of information that sets the scene. The participants imagine that they are setting foot into this miniature world and endeavor to figure out what happened in it. 

In Robin’s diorama, for example, Lee leaves her viewers plenty of visual cues to digest. Upon closer examination, one might notice that the two doors leading into the kitchen are stuffed with newspaper. Strange, no? And certain objects in the otherwise tidy kitchen ― aside from the corpse, that is ― feel somewhat askew. There’s a lopsided tablecloth by the window ― could someone have disturbed it during an escape? And the cutting board is almost falling off the butcher block; could this be a murder weapon?

Each nutshell has an “answer key,” detailing the pertinent clues in each of Lee’s grim scenarios. The keys are kept, literally, under lock and key in the chief medical examiner’s office. Goldfarb has never seen them, not even the chief medical examiner has, but the keys don’t culminate in a clean “whodunit”-style conclusion anyway. The diorama mysteries are not meant to be solved. 

Frances Glessner Lee

All but two of Lee’s nutshells are currently on view at the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, in an exhibition titled “Murder Is Her Hobby: Frances Glessner Lee and The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death.” According to Goldfarb, Lee never considered herself an artist. In fact, he guesses that she would be amused by the idea that, of all her contributions to the field of criminology, it’s the nutshells that continue to garner so much fascination. But to understand why people are so hypnotized by Lee’s creations, one must simply look at them. 

The nutshells are enthralling because they resemble darling domestic miniatures, save for the uncanny presence of a realistic corpse. They echo, on a far less traumatic scale, the feeling of entering a household space, presumed to be safe and warm, and stumbling upon the jarring residue of violence. The sensation is made all the more stomach-churning by just how realistic the nutshells appear. Every piece took Lee around three months to create and cost her between $3,000 and $6,000 ― the equivalent of well over $50,000 today. Each was endowed with working electricity and doors. The carpets had stains, the newspapers accurately recreated the front pages of the day and the cigarettes ― packed with real tobacco ― were appropriately singed.  

She made her corpses using porcelain doll heads and other parts and carefully manipulated them to simulate real victims. (“You can’t buy a doll in rigor mortis,” Ariel O’Connor, a Smithsonian conservator, told The Atlantic.) The exact position of the bodies is meant to provide insight as to whether the diorama victim died that way or was moved after the fact. Lee even filled dolls hanging from nooses with a shot of lead, so their bodies assumed the appropriate slump. 

Frances Glessner Lee's

“She was very particular about exactly how dolls ought to appear to express social status and the way [the victims] died,” Nora Atkinson, the curator of the exhibit, told The Washington Post. “If a doll has a specific discoloration, it’s scientifically accurate — she’s reproducing the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning and positioning them based on when rigor mortis took effect.”

Lee was remarkably creative in her quest to fashion three-dimensional worlds that were accurate, instructive and sometimes a bit humorous. For example, the fish-laden wallpaper on the wall of the nutshell titled “Bathroom” perfectly matched the wallpaper in Lee’s own home. And she commissioned a tiny painting to go atop a fireplace in the nutshell known as “Living Room.” Another was accented by a mini copy of a Sherlock Holmes book ― Lee’s favorite. 

She sewed many of the textiles found on the couches and clothing by hand. Other ensembles were made from real vintage pieces from the era Lee was recreating. She’d sometimes wear the clothes herself beforehand, to make sure the fabric was appropriately worn in. Red nail polish served as blood; it too was expertly applied in splatters and pools that provided valuable information. 

At the Smithsonian exhibition, viewers will be provided magnifying glasses and flashlights to sift through all these gory details and come to their own conclusions. 

In 1962, Lee died at the age of 83. Funding for the Harvard forensics program ceased and the curriculum soon came to a close. The nutshells’ futures remained uncertain until Harvard’s Professor Russell Fisher took a job as Maryland’s chief medical examiner. He brought the dioramas with him and began using them in training sessions.

Despite her bona fides as a criminologist and police captain (Goldfarb rejects the idea that her title was “honorary”), Lee was often described by the press as an eccentric grandma with a funny interest in murder. Her obituary, published in The New York Times, characterized her as “a great-grandmother who became an authority on crime” and “a wealthy widow with a consuming interest in real-life mysteries.” 

Even today, the exhibition ― titled “Murder Is Her Hobby” ― hints at how Lee is still caricatured. “She’s regarded as this quirky eccentric dowager,” Goldfarb said. “But she was one of the preeminent criminologists of her time. Had she not been 50 or 60 years old, she could have been a very good detective. She’s not just this weird old lady, she was one of the best.”

Goldfarb also takes issue with the way Lee’s story often hinges on her relationship to a man. Some say her brother initially piqued her interest in crime, others say it was her friend George Burgess Magrath, the medical examiner of Suffolk County, Massachusetts. “There is always some greater explanation than what actually happened: that this woman had an interest in something and went and did it,” Goldfarb said. “There always has to be some man in the story. That annoys me.” 

At the same time, Goldfarb is wary of describing Lee, revolutionary as she might have been, as a feminist. “I don’t think she was ever into gender politics, that was the furthest thing from her mind,” he said. “She was following her own interests. Identifying needs and solving those needs. I don’t think she was overtly making a statement.”

It’s tempting to draw singular conclusions about who Lee was and why she did the things she did. The bizarre heiress, the macabre granny, the undercover artist, the cunning feminist. The truth, however, is much more diffuse. Along with endowing trainees with observation skills, Lee’s dioramas warn others of the danger of assumptions. One nutshell features the hanged body of an older woman alongside a toy in a wedding dress and a stack of letters. It’s tempting to reason the sad spinster committed suicide, but other, less obvious clues suggest otherwise. Lee’s nutshells train officers in understanding their own biases and the way their predispositions can obstruct their view of the whole picture.

The lesson should apply to Lee’s life as well. 

Frances Glessner Lee's

“Murder is her Hobby: Frances Glessner Lee and the Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death” runs until Jan. 28, 2018, at the Smithsonian American Art Museum and Renwick Gallery.

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Refugees In India Have To Fend For Themselves – We've Been Talking To Them About How They Manage

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Jessica Field, O.P. Jindal Global University

Attempts by the Indian government to deport tens of thousands of Rohingya refugees have thrust the country's laws into the spotlight.

Lawyers representing the Rohingyas have reiterated the constitutional right (of citizens and non-citizens alike) to equality, life and personal liberty in India. Meanwhile, the government has claimed such refugees may pose a security threat to the state.

Both sides have been making their case at the Supreme Court.

What effect does this legal precariousness have on the ground? For one thing, it means the majority of refugees in India head for cities – where there is the possibility of anonymity and opportunities for work.

Delhi is often the preferred destination for refugee groups that fall within the UNHCR's mandate. In the capital, these groups have the possibility to get refugee certificates and access to certain support services, such as education, health, livelihoods, and legal counselling.

However, these services are limited in number, reach, and budget. They can also be curtailed at short notice. Often, refugees in urban India can only rely on themselves.

Self-help groups

Self-organised social safety nets look different for different groups. In the early 1990s, nearly 50,000 Sikh and Hindu refugees fled Afghanistan following a spike in ethno-religious violence. In 1992, a group of them in Delhi set up their own organisation - the Khalsa Diwan Welfare Society (KDWS) - dedicated to the support of their refugee community. KDWS is funded through membership fees, and helps other Sikh and Hindu Afghan refugees (numbering around 15,000 in Delhi) struggling to receive the assistance they need from the Indian government.

It focuses on education and skills development, including teaching devotional music, language classes, stitching, and computer skills. More informally it offers reconciliation and support for domestic disputes and grievances. Because of their perceived resilience and community cohesion, they are viewed as a model refugee community. One of UNHCR's NGO partners has even used their facilities to run other refugee services.

Chin refugees from Myanmar, too, have their own community support systems. A minority religious and ethnic group persecuted by the Burmese military, they have fled to India in waves over the last four decades and are settled primarily in Mizoram, Manipur and Delhi. In Delhi they number around 4,000 and are largely clustered in the west of the city. The community has a hired floor in an apartment block where – with the support of their church and some NGOs – they run language, computer, and stitching classes, and also previously, their own clinic with a Chin doctor.

As a Christian community, the church is an important part of their urban social safety net. The same goes for Christian Afghans, who number a few hundred in India's capital and live in the south of the city. "It's good," explained a young Christian Afghan to our research team, "because of the church I have some friends."

A football game between Rohingya and Indian youths.

Some of the Rohingyas have also self-organised. A small number of prominent youths established a Rohingya Literacy Programme and women's empowerment initiatives, as well as actively networking with the aid community to augment support and services. Their football team the Shining Stars, is an important social initiative offering bridging opportunities to other groups in Delhi, as they play solidarity matches with other teams in the city.

Challenges

The existence of these community organisations speaks of the opportunities that exist in a city. Urban environments more readily provide enough working people in close proximity to enable a membership model (such as with KDWS). Cities also offer malleable spaces, for the transformation of apartments into community centres (such as for the Chins) or wasteland into a football pitch (for the Rohingya Shining Stars).

However, it would be a mistake to laud these community initiatives as solutions to the problem of ensuring adequate refugee protection in India. Many arise due to severe access gaps in Indian public services.

It was the discrimination they experienced in Indian schools and clinics that led the Chins to establish parallel schools and a health clinic. Moreover, not only is sustainability precarious (the clinic run by a Chin refugee doctor had to close when he was resettled), it also reinforces segregation. The same Christian Afghan refugee who praised the support of his church network also spoke about such difficulties. He said: "It is unlucky to be stuck in such a situation [as a refugee] ... the loneliness is different."

The Rohingya youths have established their literacy and empowerment initiatives partly because of gaps in services and lack of staying power of many aid organisations. They describe a lack of funds as preventing sustainability and expansion. "The challenge with this job is that for me to help such people, it requires money," one explained, "but in my community people are illiterate and poor. How will they pay?"

Moreover, these self-organised communities can exacerbate – or create – community hierarchies, discrimination and exclusion. As another refugee in Delhi explained: "The community leaders are selected on the basis of their connectivity with the NGOs." This so often means men with a command of English.

While self-organised groups provide essential safety nets for refugees in Delhi, they are clearly not a replacement for governmental and NGO services. India not only urgently requires a robust, inclusive legal framework that protects refugees, the government and NGOs also need to re-approach how they can better support vulnerable communities to access wider public and aid services.

This increased support requires the government to change its restrictive position on humanitarian and development NGOs. Too many, especially those with international connections, are being weakened or closed down with recent changes in laws regulating foreign funding. Many argue this is driven by ideological motives to quash dissent.

This is exacerbating the pressure on already vulnerable refugee communities to make their own safety nets.

Jessica Field, Assistant Professor, Jindal School of International Affairs, O.P. Jindal Global University

This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.


'Secret Superstar': A Poignant Film That Reminds Us About The Importance Of Dreams

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Secret Superstar is a family drama film written and directed by Advait Chandan who started his career as an assistant for renowned ad film director Prahlad Kakkar. Produced by Aamir Khan and Kiran Rao, it stars Zaira Khan in the lead role of a schoolgirl named Insiya, who aspires to be a singer and belongs to a conservative Muslim family based in Vadodara, Gujarat. The film costars Meher Vij, Raj Arjun, Kabir Sajid, and Aamir Khan. Insiya, who is studying in Class X, is a gifted singer, but her cruel father, who regularly assaults his wife, strongly disapproves of it.

Seeing India's passion for music, her mother advises her to start a YouTube channel, but with the condition that she records all her songs while wearing a burkha. Soon, Insiya becomes a national sensation and gets an offer to sing from a leading Bollywood music director. What ensues is a tale of self-belief, courage and determination as both Insiya and her mother try to come to terms with the gravity of the situation.

Secret Superstar addresses issues of patriarchy and domestic manner with as much care and thought that sensitive subjects like these deserve. The film never seems to be in a hurry to draw conclusions, and without trying to be preachy, it takes a strong stand against gender discrimination, female foeticide, and violence against women. It also talks about the importance of dreams in life. How without dreams, a person's life can quickly lose its significance. Insiya's mother is subjected to years of torture and humiliation by her sadistic husband, but she never complains. In the process, she gets so used to it that she loses all hope of ever breaking free. It is through Insiya's dreams that she finally begins to find a purpose in life.

Secret Superstar is a reminder that people can abuse and dominate us for only as long as we allow them to do so.

The film reminds us how the internet has changed the world we live in. Today it's possible for anyone to upload a video on YouTube. This democratisation has opened new horizons for young talent to express themselves in front of the whole world, something that wasn't possible for earlier generations to do. Secret Superstar is a reminder that people can abuse and dominate us for only as long as we allow them to do so. The moment we decide to break free of the shackles, no force in this world can stop us from following our dreams to the fullest.

However, the film takes several cinematic liberties, and often, the melodrama takes over, but it never really loses its grip on the audience. Aamir Khan's brilliance compensates the occasional weak moments. Sometimes it amuses me how can someone continually improve oneself for over 25 years on the trot. There is something special about the way Aamir Khan finds a way to surprise his fans every time. As good as Zahira Wasim and Meher Vij are in the movie, it is Aamir Khan's portrayal of the mercurial music director Shakti Kumar that's the best thing about Secret Superstar. Yes, it's an inspiring journey of a daughter and a mother, but it's Aamir's character that's the story's actual catalyst. Here is a film that's a must watch for anyone who has dreams but feels overwhelmed by the odds. And, rest assured, Aamir's groovy, never-seen-before avatar alone makes it worth the ticket price!

A version of this review was first published in A Potpourri of Vestiges.

The opinions expressed in this post are the personal views of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of HuffPost India. Any omissions or errors are the author's, and HuffPost India does not assume any liability or responsibility for them.

Lady Gaga And Boyfriend Christian Carino Make Things Official With Romantic Photo

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Looks like Lady Gaga is playing the love game. 

The “Joanne” singer made things official with boyfriend and agent Christian Carino on social media Sunday by taking a page out of “The Notebook.”

The couple posed for a stunning picture with Carino holding a bikini-clad Gaga in his arms. The two gaze lovingly into each other’s eyes as a sun sets behind them in the picturesque Snapchat.

All that’s missing is a torrential downpour and years of unreturned love letters. 

Gaga also shared the same photo on her Instagram Stories with the “Sunday Funday” filter, writing “Night night” at the top of the photo. She later posted a Boomerang video on Instagram that showed her blowing the camera kiss. 

After ending her engagement with actor Taylor Kinney in July 2016, Gaga has stayed mum on her private life, focusing instead on her new album, which marked its one-year anniversary this month.

Gaga and Carino, however, first sparked relationship rumors when they were spotted kissing and taking photos with each other on the field before her Super Bowl halftime show in February. 

Carino, who previously dated actress Lauren Cohan of “The Walking Dead,” represents Gaga at the Creative Artists Agency, as well as a host of major celebrities like Justin Bieber, Miley Cyrus and Jennifer Lopez.

Lady Gaga gets a kiss from Christian Carino before Super Bowl LI.

They’ve stayed by each other’s side since then, with Carino joining the singer on her “Joanne” tour around the country. During a downpour at Gaga’s New York City stop, he was waiting in the wings to check in on the pop star. 

“When I went backstage, Christian was by the stairs making sure I was okay,” Gaga said, according to Page Six. “The best part about being in love with someone is having them there to catch you if you fall.”

After all the pain and heartbreak she’s experienced this year, it’s about time Gaga got her happy ending.  

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Hilarious Haunted House Photos Are The Funniest Part Of Halloween

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Some haunts are funnier than others, and we’ve got the pictures to prove it.

In anticipation of Halloween, a hilarious collection of photos shows thrill-seekers nearly jumping out of their skin as they explore a famed haunted house attraction, Nightmares Fear Factory, in Niagara Falls, Canada.

According to the year-round attraction’s website, guests are invited to enter an abandoned coffin factory, whose late owner is said to haunt its grounds in a bid to scare away trespassers. Judging by the photos, they indeed look ready to run.

Check out some of the photos below, or see the thousands more shared on Nightmares Fear Factory’s Flickr page, and try not to drop dead with laughter.

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French President's Dog Interrupts Meeting By Peeing On Ornate Fireplace

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French President Emmanuel Macron's dog, a labrador crossed griffon named Nemo.

French President Emmanuel Macron was in a meeting with his junior ministers about funding for inner-city developments when they were interrupted -- by his dog peeing in a fireplace.

In footage shown on the french channel TF1, Macron and his team can be seen laughing after spotting Nemo the dog relieving himself.

"I wondered what that noise was," said Brune Poirson, who is the junior minister for ecology.

"Does that happen often?" another junior minister, Julien Denormandie asked.

For Nemo, a black labrador-griffon cross, this behaviour was totally out of character. His prior public appearances have shown the dog on nothing but his best behaviour.

In August, Nemo walked out alongside Macron and stood to attention to meet the Niger President Mahamadou Issoufou.

The special dog also greeted Idriss Deby, the president of Chad, on his first day of living in the Elysee Palace.

French presidential dogs have had a history of acting up.

Former president Nicolas Sarkozy had dogs that caused thousands of euros of damage to some of the palace's furniture, as reported by Mediapart.

Another former president, Jacques Chirac, told reporters that Sumo the Maltese poodle became downtrodden when he had to leave the lavish palace and move into an apartment.

As CO2 Emissions Flatten, More Powerful Greenhouse Gases Flood The Atmosphere

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Global carbon dioxide emissions remained flat for a third year in a row, yet far more powerful greenhouse gases “keep creeping up,” according to the annual report from the European Union and the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.

The U.S., Russia, China and Japan decreased their CO2 output from 2015 to 2016, while the EU stayed flat and India’s emissions continued to increase. But emissions of methane and nitrous oxide have been increasing.

Methane molecules trap roughly 30 times more heat than carbon dioxide over a century, and the gas comes from agriculture, coal and gas production, and landfills. Nitrous oxide, known as laughing gas, trap about 300 times more heat than carbon dioxide; it’s emitted by soil fertilizers and chemical production.

Agricultural statistics are not updated as frequently as energy and industry-related numbers, so the report did not include complete data for those gases. But a preliminary assessment showed an upward trend in the U.S., China, Japan, India, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Poland, Italy and Spain.

Nitrous oxide emissions could get much worse as a result of global warming. Arctic permafrost contains roughly 67 billion tons of the gas, and, as that ice layer thaws, up to one-fourth of the region could become a net emitter, according to a study published in July.

Despite a 2 percent decrease in the U.S. carbon footprint from 2015 to 2016, Americans still produce by far the largest amount of CO2 per capita.

Other studies indicate that methane in particular has surged over the past decade, increasing by 10 or more parts per billion annually in 2014 and 2015, up from 0.5 parts per billion on average in the early 2000s, according to a study published in December in the journal Environmental Research Letters.

“The leveling off we’ve seen in the last three years for carbon dioxide emissions is strikingly different from the recent rapid increase in methane,” Robert Jackson, a co-author of the paper and a professor of earth system science at Stanford University, told Phys.orgThe results for methane “are worrisome but provide an immediate opportunity for mitigation that complements efforts for carbon dioxide.”

The study may not paint a full picture of total methane emissions. A paper published last month found that emissions from agriculture could be much larger than previously reported, due to reliance on out-of-data data on livestock.

The U.S. could be responsible for up to 60 percent of the global spike in human-caused atmospheric methane emissions since 2002, a Harvard University study found last year. The researchers said there was too little data to identify specific sources, but the increase tracked the boom in shale oil and gas production across the country, which leaks large amounts of methane from wells and pipelines.

In June, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt defended President Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris Agreement, a deal to slash carbon emissions. He insisted the country had nothing to apologize for, and suggested the U.S. could help other nations reduce their CO2 output with its natural gas technology, namely hydraulic fracturing, or fracking.

“If nations around the globe want to seek to learn from us on what we’re doing to reduce our CO2 footprint, we’re going to share that with them,” he said at a press conference, “and that’s something that should occur and will occur in the future.”

Pruitt, like the president, has said he doesn’t believe humans are the main cause of climate change.

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'Stranger Things' Star Supports That 'Insane' Fan Theory

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Joe Keery wasn’t fazed by the “Stranger Things” theory saying his character, Steve Harrington, was related to Jean-Ralphio Saperstein (Ben Schwartz) from “Parks and Recreation.” Actually, he’s heard a lot about their resemblance before.

But Keery told HuffPost in a recent interview that he was not prepared for how far fans would take the viral theory claiming Steve could be Jean-Ralphio’s dad.

Thus far, the evidence has included the characters’ looks, the fact that “Stranger Things” is set before “Parks and Rec,” and that both shows take place in Indiana. However, Keery hadn’t heard about the memes also tying in Eleven (Millie Bobby Brown), saying she could grow up to be Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler).

“Oh my God, are you kidding me?” said Keery, who was flabbergasted when we told him about photos showing Eleven and Leslie eating waffles. “Yeah, that’s insane,” he added.

“Insane” in a good way, though, since Keery supports that theory, too.

“I’m a huge fan of ‘Parks and Rec.’ I mean, hell, anything is possible. Maybe in the backs of their minds, the Duffer brothers are just huge fans of ‘Parks and Rec,’ and maybe they just subconsciously did it,” he said, continuing, “I think it’s hilarious that Leslie Knope and David Harbour’s character Hopper could exist in the same world.”

The actor embraces his doppelgänger status, even starring alongside Schwartz in a new Visa ad about making payments safer that plays off their similar looks. In a chat with HuffPost, Keery talked about working with his look-alike/possible son and took that theory one step further. 

What did you think when the theory became a phenomenon?

When I used to live in Chicago ― went to school there for four years and lived there for two years after ― the whole time I worked at this restaurant called DMK, and people would come in, and I would wait on their tables, and they would say, “Oh my gosh, man. You look like the dude from ‘Parks and Rec.’ You look like Jean-Ralphio.’”

No way.

Oh yeah. So people have been telling me that for a super long time. When the theory came out, I was like, “Yeah, I heard that before,” but I mean the sickest part of the whole thing is getting to meet Ben because he is hands-down my favorite part of that show. He’s hilarious.

What was it like working with him on this new video?

It was a great time. Ben kind of reached out to me and said, “Hey, I have this idea for a little spot,” explained the premise to me, and wrote and directed the thing as well, so I knew we were in such good hands because he’s such a smart dude. [He] has such a quick wit. It’s almost like a relationship that’s too good to be true because he just kind of reached out and said, “Hey, I think this would be really fun if we did this.”

Have you had any real-life father and son moments with Ben?

Yeah, taking him to his kindergarten graduation. That was a huge father and son moment. I would say probably the most father-son moment [was] the video we did for [James] Corden. Teaching him how to ride a bike. I mean, I’m pretty sure he was pretending. Don’t quote me on that, but he’s a very good faker. He really acted the part.

What about taking the theory even further. Could Steve Harrington be related to Kit Harington? 

I’d say yes. I’d say there’s definitely gotta be some connection there because it would make an excuse for me to go meet Kit Harington, who’s Jon Snow and who is so sick. Are there any other Harringtons in the world? He’s probably the one I want to align myself with. He’d beat up all my enemies.

“Stranger Things” Season 2 premieres Oct. 27.

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Sexual Assault And Gender Violence Are ‘Rites Of Passage’ For An Indian Girl. #MeToo

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Hashtags are the new war-zones. For the past two weeks, I have been interacting with the Press a lot due to promotional activities for an upcoming film. Nowadays actors get asked to comment on subjects they may know too little about, like the projected fourth-quarter growth of our economy. But over the past five days, my inbox has been flooded with questions about the #MeToo campaign or about the Harvey Weinsteins in B-town. Sadly, that's something all girls would know about.

For a country where violence against the girl child starts in the womb, I am surprised at the number of people surprised at the enormity of the #MeToo campaign. Unless you have been in hibernation in the Himalayan caves for the past millennium, there's no way you would not know that sexual assault, verbal or visual, and gender violence are the rites of passage for the average Indian girl.

As children, we learn the 'good and bad touch' with first-hand experience, unfortunately, and not through a sex-education class. Sex education is a luxury in a country where education itself is a privilege. The disparity between the education, health and mortality ratio between men and women is huge. Again, what can one expect when the gender ratio itself is 1000 men for every 940 of women in India, as per the 2011 census.

Sexism is the one thing that unites our leaders cutting across barriers of region, religion, caste and class.

Rape is defined as 'izzat lootna' in Hindustani or robbing one's dignity. In whatever form one is assaulted, what do you think happens when prejudice like this exists in society, does it get easier or more difficult to report a gender crime?

This piece is littered with trick questions.

Each time we are outraged at a woman's modesty being outraged, a slew of insensitive, irresponsible and downright moronic comments echo from all quarters of our political leadership. Governments change, but the attitude doesn't. Bhaktroll or Libtard, Right or Left, sexism is the one thing that unites our leaders cutting across barriers of region, religion, caste and class. Why don't we start a new party called United Sexist Front, a revolutionary reimagining of Governments and the Opposition? Women can join it too and then everyone can watch porn in the Parliament with glee.

"What was she wearing? Why was she out so late? What was she doing with a boy? She asked for it. Why didn't she report it sooner? What took so long? Why didn't she just request them not to? What did she expect?" When our leaders ask these questions, the media plays them on a loop, and people listen.

Do folks that pose questions such as these ever read the paper? Do they know that infants are raped in India, as are grandmothers? Pre-teen girls are molested, as are women covered from head to toe in a burqa.

We are afflicted with a sickness that's a larger problem than patriarchy. A sickness borne out of perverse conditioning, struggle for power, viewing the woman as a thing to be abused and disposed of. There exist tips on how to deal with ongoing rape. If this doesn't reflect the horrific state of affairs, what does?

Here's one, for instance, they may let you live if you don't protest violently. Case in point 'Nirbhaya' whose intestines were pulled out of her body after a gangrape. To check, one would have to speak to rape survivors like the five-year-old girl with a slit throat left on the highway for dead. Or shall we ask the young girls hanging from a tree in UP?

When someone does live to tell the tale, it's their image that's blurred and identity protected. Not surprising, given the burden of shame society bestows.

Why not shame the oppressor?

Should he be behind bars or ever get a job again? Should he be allowed to function normally in society after paying off settlements? And again how about the very investigation of rape? In this prevailing culture of victim shaming, does it get easy or more painful to report a gender crime?

The Navratras are a special time in the culture of our great country. Navratras also bring with them, the glorious Garba in Gujarat and the Durga Puja in Bengal. It is a sacred time when the Goddess is worshipped all over the country, in myriad forms and traditions.

Growing up in Delhi, I have fond memories of 'kanjakein' or Ashtami. It's a day when pre-pubescent girls are worshipped symbolically as Goddess Laxmi. I would cherish this day, awaiting the vast number of pencil boxes with 5-Star chocolates inside, hairbands and other knick-knacks that I'd receive along with some great food from neighbours and relatives. Coins would jingle in our pockets as we sprinted home. The Navratras make me feel proud of belonging to a tradition that acknowledges, reveres, worships and in fact CELEBRATES the feminine.

I was raised to feel equal, even special, on some days. Then I grew up.

This year, the onset of Navratras was marked by women protesting sexual harassment in the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) campus. (Just like girls in Haryana who said they couldn't walk to school because they were harassed every day, which explains the dropout rate.) The protests turned violent, there was arson, the VC blamed the women who were beaten, and a thousand have FIRs to their name.

The BHU issue was politicised, as I am sure some will find this blog, as is practically all else these days including songs, students, movies, academicians, the army, language, awards, monuments, currency, cricket, tax, TV journalists-that-are-closet-actors, food, and even colour.

Mera orange, tera kya?

Are you a #Hindu? Did you pray to your Devi Ma these Navratras? How are you not offended by atrocities committed every minute against women? The denial of the 'feminine' could cost us our progeny. The mother gives life. Mother Earth, Mother Nature...et al. What have we done to it? Food for thought.

Women, in fact, have to face a double whammy and become targets of the worst caste and religious atrocities. What's a few gang rapes when it comes to settling scores?

We live in a nation where women have to fight--to be born, then educated, then marry when and who they want, to have children or not to, in most cases, while doing almost all of the house-work. Women work post-marriage if they are 'allowed' to by their in-laws and husbands. Women who work outside the home have to carefully decide what they will wear keeping in mind their occupation (traditional and covered options safest), mode of transport (public transport means avoid sleeveless, wear higher necklines, longer bottoms unless you want to be asking for it...actually whatever you wear, you are asking for it), and what time they will return home (always preferably before sunset). Private transport? You can be followed or worse.

Hell, I'd like to be born a man to simply feel free of all this cumbersome responsibility. I could say, do and be whatever I want.

These observations are specific to class, but virtually every decision taken by the woman is dependent on the male. Hell, I'd like to be born a man to simply feel free of all this cumbersome responsibility. I could say, do and be whatever I want. I could take a bike ride late in the night without being a bait, stand and smoke under a tree with my buddies, loiter and laugh loudly, even pee in the open, use cuss words with abandon, walk tall without a book across my chest, man-spread, be whatever version of myself I want to be.

Boys will be boys. Cute.

When will they grow up?

What happens if they never do?

If half of the population is hugely disadvantaged one way or another, how will India EVER be a superpower?

Are you an #Indian? How are you not worried?

Dear all, don't blame 'Bollywood'.

That is too simplistic a deduction. In the Mahabharata, Draupadi was traded as property in gambling and Goddess Sita was abducted by another man in the Ramayana (assuming you think of mythology and history in the same way) which was before the advent of films. 'Bollywood' hasn't invented rape, torture, stalking and assault. This also happens in countries where there is no film industry. 'Bollywood' is not blameless either. Films reflect the reality of society and also shape popular culture. But my colleagues are taking charge of the narrative. Our content is evolving a little every year which is more than what I can say for most.

Don't say I have a film releasing in a week, hence this is for publicity. The people this blog will resonate with are hardly the first-day-first-show kind.

Also, it would only serve to highlight the point I put across. Misogyny is to society what nitrogen dioxide is to the air we breathe--no matter what we do, we ingest a little.

Don't say I omit my privilege. It's from that vantage point that I use my voice to reflect. (But also, how can one know conclusively of another's life and struggle?)

Don't say 'ghar pe ma-behen nahi hai kya'. Don't say change is necessary because you have a daughter to raise. Don't exclude your complicity. Don't absolve your responsibility. Don't ask women to share their horror stories, so some experience them vicariously. Don't do it for female relatives, mothers, sisters and friends. Do it for you. Because the survival of the species depends on both the male and the female. Because in the end, we all belong to each other.

Dear Fourth Estate, if you genuinely care, encourage and create a safe atmosphere where open discussion is possible, where people can share their experiences with dignity and without being judged. Please don't jump onto a trending topic. For every woman who speaks up, there's several that don't or can't. You'd be doing all of society a huge favour.

Dear legislative bodies, please check for rapists in your midst?

Dear Judiciary, marital rape is rape. And victims shouldn't be asked to marry their rapists. Also, please hurry. A woman is raped every twenty minutes in this country, and that's just those that have the courage and means to report the crime.

In addition to the omnipresent everyday sexism, experiencing first-hand sexual assault is the tax women have had to pay for centuries to live in India.

Should it be this way? Shouldn't we all be ashamed?

I agree with #NOTALLMEN. Surely, not all men are the problem here, many are part of the solution. That's what keeps the world going. Some patriarchal women participate in their own subjugation and feminist men who point it out.

Not all men, but #ALLWOMEN I know have experienced gender violence or molestation one way or another. This shouldn't it be the only way of life women know.

Are you human and hence born from a woman? How are you not embarrassed?

This is not a problem; it's an unfolding tragedy and an everlasting nightmare.

Hope we heal.

This post first appeared here.

The opinions expressed in this post are the personal views of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of HuffPost India. Any omissions or errors are the author's and HuffPost India does not assume any liability or responsibility for them.


Don't Tell A, But 'Pretty Little Liars' Star Janel Parrish Is Engaged

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Janel Parrish at a PaleyFest screening of

Mona Vanderwaal got her happy ending on “Pretty Little Liars,” and now it’s Janel Parrish’s turn. 

The actress announced on Instagram Monday that she is engaged to boyfriend Chris Long. He popped the question while the two were walking together in Toronto, where Parrish is currently starring in a production of “Grease.”

“Went to the park for a stroll with Klee and came back with a fiancé,” she captioned a photo of the two kissing. “I get to marry my best friend and I’m over the moon. I love you.”

Long shared the same photo, but added the caption, “Locked it up.”

Parrish, 28, later offered a close-up of the gorgeous diamond sparkler with the massive square-cut rock adorned by a gold band.

“I can’t stop staring at it. I mean... @jeandousset you out did yourself 😍And @c_long you did GOOD,” she captioned the video, giving a shoutout to the jeweler and her new fiancé.

A post shared by Janel Parrish (@janelparrish) on

The pair celebrated their one-year anniversary in September, sharing adorable photos on social media to commemorate the milestone. 

“Year one down. The happiest,” Long wrote. “Can’t wait for what’s to come.”

A post shared by C. Long (@c_long) on

Parrish is set to reprise her role in the second spinoff from the Freeform hit titled, “Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists,” which has a pilot in development at the network. Based off another series of books by Sara Shepard, the series will also bring Sasha Pieterse back into the fold. 

“Everything about the town of Beacon Heights seems perfect, from their top-tier college to their overachieving residents. But nothing in Beacon Heights is as it appears to be,” the pilot’s description reads. “The stress of needing to be perfect leads to the town’s first murder. Behind every Perfectionist is a secret, a lie and a needed alibi.

Congrats to the happy couple, and pray that another A doesn’t pop up in the near future to sabotage their big day. 

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The Exact Moment These People In Love Knew 'That's My Person'

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So sweet! 

Everyone loves a good love story, especially in 140 characters or less. 

Kat Angus, a Toronto-based staff writer for Buzzfeed, asked her Twitter followers on Saturday to recall the sweet moment they knew their current partner was the one they wanted to be with. 

The writer also shared her own story of when she knew her significant other was the one (and it had a bit of a twist): 

Her tweets quickly went viral and the responses started pouring in. We’re not crying, you are! 

Irresistible, indeed. More of these Twitter moments, please! 

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Comics That Nail What It's Like To Be Totally Comfortable In Love

I'm Married And I Travel Solo

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Representative image.

Find the sort of person who encourages you to soar, without exception, without conditions. The one who motivates you to follow every single dream no matter how tiny, massive and crazy. The one who doesn't judge you during your worst moments and celebrates your best ones to the fullest. The one who makes it a point to tell you how proud they are of you, not just of what you look like, wear or say, but who you inherently are. The one who doesn't take your achievements as a personal affront or threat. The one who realises that love and relationships aren't fairytales but tangible things that need to be worked upon.

To be with a man who offers support selflessly has been the biggest blessing of my life. He hears out every single vision and adventurous plan I have, helps me organise my thoughts and then encourages me to chase after them with abandon. He makes me step out of my comfort zone and holds my hand when I panic. When I get back to bed late in the night my head buzzing with frenzied ideas, he often does this thing, no matter what the time... where even though he's half asleep, his arms reach out and envelop me. To me, that tiny gesture is the most comforting and calming thing in the world.

I know that feeling so well because you see, the heart is a muscle and it remembers.

Life with Jon has been the most incredible adventure, we've hopped continents, lived in multiple countries, overcome external cultural bias', lived apart, lived together, been there, done that and yet there is so much more to do.

The beginning of our relationship started with two, almost three, years apart, and every time he left, my heart would drop to the pit of my stomach because I didn't know when I'd see him again. I know that feeling so well because you see, the heart is a muscle and it remembers. Even though we're no longer in that situation, every time he leaves, or I leave, my heart still goes through the same old motions, it clenches, twists and then drags itself down to the bottom of my belly. I cry, not just a few tears--I'm talking proper sobs, every single time. It's a real, very physical feeling of heartbreak that refuses to disappear. My brain sends messages of logic to my heart but the heart is a muscle, and it remembers.

Without him, I feel unsettled

As someone who chooses to constantly be on the move my concept of home is only one, him. Without him, I am untethered, floating weightless in an endless ocean of people, places and ideas. But here is where things get interesting: we both have very different ideas about travel and we're both fiercely independent. I love the mountains and him the ocean, I work on projects in India and him in Australia, so we often choose to do things separately and then find our way back to one another. I'm not talking a few days or weeks away; I'm talking months at a time. And despite my dastardly clenched heart, when I'm at the end of a solo hike or when I am exploring a new place that takes my breath away, I have zero regrets. And I know when he's off surfing the best waves of his life he has none either. When we make our way back to each other, we're always the best versions of ourselves. Two individuals who haven't been held back by what society thinks marriage should be and who've followed their passions and their heart 100%. It's no wonder that after six years of being together things still feel brand new.

Yesterday, two weeks after our second wedding anniversary, we said goodbye again, and we're off in different directions. My heart rests in my belly, and as I sit mid-air 30,000 ft above the ground, I'm writing to cope. When I'm on that mountain, I know I will breathe easy a little bit more because while the heart is a muscle and it remembers, I've also taught it to travel, soar and explore.

Disclaimer: If I'm completely honest, this post should probably be titled: "An Ode to my Husband!"

The opinions expressed in this post are the personal views of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of HuffPost India. Any omissions or errors are the author's, and HuffPost India does not assume any liability or responsibility for them.

The Morning Wrap: 'BJP's Gabbar Singh Tax'; How Not To Calculate GDP Growth

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The Morning Wrap is HuffPost India's selection of interesting news and opinion from the day's newspapers. Subscribe here to receive it in your inbox each weekday morning.

Essential HuffPost

Social media was abuzz on Sunday evening with a statement that Hasmukh Adhia, the revenue secretary, had given made in an interview to the Press Trust of India regarding the Goods and Services Tax. What's it all about? Vivek Kaul explains.

Mersal is not a petty political quarrel, but a symbol of Tamil resistance to top-down nationalism that has little relevance to the state. And it has been an unequivocal trend since the anti-Hindi agitations in the 1930s, 40s and the 60s. G Pramod Kumar weighs in on the latest controversy in Tamil Nadu.

In a sharp analysis of the contemporary political tactics in Gujarat, Radhika Ramasehan explains why Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and the BJP as a whole, are desperate to revive the Hindu Hriday Samrat strategy ahead of the polls in the state.

Main News

A day after Revenue Secretary Hasmukh Adhia said the Goods and Services Tax requires a major rejig, Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi stepped up attacks on Prime Minister Narendra Modi and dubbed the GST as "BJP's Gabbar Singh Tax", in a rally in Gujarat.

In a shift of gears, the Modi government on Monday announced the restart of a frozen political dialogue in Jammu & Kashmir, with former Intelligence Bureau chief Dineshwar Sharma as the interlocutor, which will include separatist the Hurriyat conglomeration if its leaders are ready to engagement with the Centre.

The Supreme Court has indicated that it may replace the word "shall" with "may" in the 2016 order, in which playing of the national anthem was made mandatory at cinema halls before the screening of any movie across India.

Off The Front Page

The Supreme Court expressed surprise over the re-employment of policemen and doctors convicted by the Bombay High Court of suppressing and tampering with evidence in the Bilkis Bano gang-rape case, and sought answers from the Gujarat government.

Tens of thousands of would-be schoolteachers have been left in the lurch with the Central Teacher Eligibility Test, usually held twice a year, not being conducted at all this year because of a pending guidelines revision.

Nearly 100 Indian H-1B visa holders and their dependents reached out to US lawmakers on Monday to plead for the clearance of the massive backlog of green card petitions. The US issues a million green cards every year.

Opinion

"Vasundhara Raje Scindia has abridged the fundamental freedoms India boasts off. She's also damaged her party's claim to uphold and honour India's vibrant democracy. And, finally, she's lowered India's standing in the free world." Read Karan Thapar's scathing indictment of the Rajasthan government attempt to give immunity to public servants.

"BJP's misreading of history raises questions on the Indian state's ability to be a custodian for the nation's historical sites, including Mughal monuments," writes historian Audrey Truschke in The Indian Express.

Since the method of GDP calculation treats environmental damage costs as income, L Venkatachalam offers an alternate view to economic growth in India in The Hindu.

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Here’s How Long Your Laser Hair Removal Will Actually Last

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Laser hair removal can be a costly but effective way to get rid of the unwanted hair people are sick of shaving, trimming or waxing.

But spending thousands of dollars on the required treatments doesn’t always guarantee body hair will be gone for life. Below, plastic surgeons and dermatologists detail how laser hair removal works, how much it costs and just how long it lasts. 

How does laser hair removal work? 

The laser light is directed at and gets absorbed by the pigment in the hair itself, which sits in the hair follicle,” said Dr. Robyn Gmyrek, dermatologist at Union Square Laser Dermatology in New York City. “When the laser light gets absorbed, it creates heat. If enough heat is generated down the hair follicle, it will destroy the hair growth center in the follicle. If the hair growth center is destroyed, you should not create a new hair.” 

Gmyrek explained that body hair goes through a resting and growth cycle, which is why a series of follow-up treatments are scheduled every 4-6 weeks. 

“When the hair is in a resting portion of the cycle, it may not be able to absorb enough laser light or generate enough heat to destroy the hair growth center,” she said. “This means is that you have to laser multiple times -– usually about 6 sessions ― to remove a substantial portion of the hair from an area.”

Treatment can be costly. 

Treatment costs, methods and effectiveness depends on each person’s skin type, hair thickness and the area being lasered off. 

“No matter what area you are treating, usually about 6 treatments are needed to achieve approximately 80 percent clearance. This is based on the cycling of the hair,” Gmyrek said. 

“Small areas like an upper lip range from $150 to $250 per session, while bikini, Brazilian bikini and the larger areas like full legs and backs can cost $500, $700, $1,200 per treatment, respectively,” she said. “Keep in mind that treatment for an upper lip is just a few pulses and takes only minutes, whereas full leg treatment might be one hour of treating and over 1,500 pulses of laser.” 

It doesn’t work for everyone. 

The three doctors we consulted agreed the ideal candidate for laser hair removal is a very fair person with dark, coarse hair. People with red, blond, strawberry blond, white or very fine hair have a much harder time seeing results.

“This is because there is not enough pigment to absorb the laser light in the hair. If not enough laser light is absorbed, then the heat generated is too little to destroy the follicle and treatment will be unsuccessful,” Gmyrek explained. For people who aren’t good candidates for laser, she suggested exploring electrolysis. 

“Medical electrolysis devices destroy hair growth with a shortwave radio frequency after a thin probe is placed in the hair follicle,” she said. “Electrolysis is considered a permanent hair removal method, since it destroys the hair follicle. It requires a series of appointments over a period of time.” 

People with darker skin can respond well to laser hair removal. 

According to Dr. Hooman Khorasani, chief of dermatologic and cosmetic surgery at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, it’s possible to treat individuals with darker skin by reducing the amount of energy used and using longer wavelengths of light. However, he said people with darker skin have a higher chance of getting hyperpigmentation, or a darkening of the skin, as a side effect of the treatments. 

Gmyrek agreed that people with darker skin can have excellent results with laser hair removal, but she also recommended getting a test spot treated first. 

“There is a specific laser called an Nd:Yay which is safer to use in darker skin types,” she said. “Patients with darker skin types should proceed with caution, go to physicians with experience in treating darker skin types, and get test spots done with the laser prior to treating a larger area as they are at increased risk for possible discoloration of the skin from laser treatment.” 

Laser hair removal it isn’t always permanent.  

“It is unlikely to permanently remove every single hair follicle because hair growth occurs in multiple phases and can be influenced by hormones or medications,” Dr. Wright Jones, plastic surgeon and founder of Muse Plastic Surgery in Atlanta, told HuffPost. “Multiple treatments may lead to long term hair reduction but patients should not expect permanent hair removal.” 

Khorasani said laser hair removal is usually effective in removing 80 to 90 percent of hair. 

“There will be always a little bit of hair that may come back,” he said.  

Finding the right provider is the key to success. 

The most important factor in laser hair removal is finding the right doctor for you, with the right qualifications. Otherwise, you’re throwing money at multiple treatments that might not work and could end up harming you in the end.  

It is paramount that patients find an experienced provider who understands how to tailor each treatment to a specific skin type and hair color,” Wright said. 

Laser hair removal can be dangerous in inexperienced hands,” Gmyrek said. “I would highly recommend having your treatment performed by a board-certified dermatologist who is trained and skilled in using lasers and has in-depth knowledge of the skin.” 

Khorasani said that with a laser in the wrong hands, patients can sometimes experience blisters, scars, hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. Make sure to research your provider before you go!   

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